...Generals also offered sacrifices here before setting out on campaigns, and when they returned victorious, their triumphal ceremonies were customarily concluded with ceremonies at this temple. On the Capitoline Hill, the oldest temple in Rome is dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius (Feretrius can be interpreted as either the "Bearer of Spoils" or the "Striker of the Enemy"), to whom Rome's first king Romulus (late 8th century BC) is said to have dedicated a temple there, and on the Palatine Hill there was a temple to Jupiter Stator (the "Supporter"). There is a legend that Romulus dedicated a temple to Jupiter in gratitude for his prayers for preventing his allies from retreating during the battle with the Sabines, but the temple was apparently built in the early 3rd century BC. From RomeIn the mid-2nd century BC, the city of Rome experienced its first construction boom, funded by the spoils of war from the conquest of the Mediterranean. This period saw the construction of the Porticus Aemilia (193 BC), which was used as a warehouse, the Pons Aemilius (179 BC), the oldest stone bridge over the Tiber, the basilicas in the central square (the Basilica of Cato the Elder, 184 BC, the Basilica Aemilia, 179 BC, and the Basilica Sempronia, 170 BC), the oldest marble temple modeled after a Greek temple (Temple of Jupiter Stator, 146 BC), and the first above-ground aqueduct (Aqua Marcia, 144 BC). The construction and repair of these facilities was carried out by public works contractors (publicani) who contracted with Kensall and other officials, and were inspected by the officials after completion. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Jupiter Stator" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また将軍はここで犠牲を捧げてから遠征に出発し,大勝利をおさめて帰還したときの凱旋式も,この神殿における儀式で幕を閉じるならわしであった。カピトリヌス丘上にはさらに,ローマ初代の王ロムルス(前8世紀後半)が戦利品を捧げて神殿の奉献を誓ったと伝えられるユピテル・フェレトリウスJupiter Feretrius(フェレトリウスは〈戦利品を運ぶ者〉とも〈敵を撃つ者〉とも解される)がローマ最古の神殿にまつられており,パラティヌスの丘にはユピテル・スタトルJupiter Stator(〈支える者〉)の神殿があった。このユピテルについても,サビニ人との戦いの最中に,祈りにこたえて味方の敗走をくいとめてくれたお礼にロムルスが神殿を奉献したとの伝承があるが,実際に神殿が建造されたのは前3世紀初頭のことらしい。… 【ローマ】より… こうして前2世紀中葉,地中海世界制圧による戦利品収入を財源としてローマ市は最初の建設ブームを迎える。倉庫として使われた〈アエミリウスの柱廊Porticus Aemilia〉(前193),テベレ川最古の石造橋アエミリウス橋Pons Aemilius(前179),中央広場のバシリカ群(前184年の〈大カトーのバシリカ〉,前179年のバシリカ・アエミリアBasilica Aemilia,前170年のバシリカ・センプロニアBasilica Sempronia),ギリシア式神殿をまねた最古の大理石製神殿(前146年のユピテル・スタトルJupiter Stator神殿),初の地上式上水道(前144年のマルキア水道Aqua Marcia)などがこの時期に属する。これらの施設の建造および補修はケンソルほかの役人と契約した公共事業請負人プブリカニpublicani(競争入札による)の手で行われ,工事完成後は役人の査察を受けた。… ※「Jupiter Stator」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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