… In the age of talkies, Poland's film industry, which had been producing 10 to 20 films a year, stagnated due to the reactionary cultural policies of the dictatorial government, which saw the strengthening of censorship and excessive taxation, and commercialism resulting from weak capital. A new generation of filmmakers, including female directors Wanda Jakubowska (1907-), Jerzy Bossak (1910-), and Aleksander Ford (1908-1980), fought against reactionary trends and aimed to create film art. In 1929, they founded the association START, a group of people dedicated to art films, to promote the production of "socially useful" films, laying the foundations for Polish cinema in the 1930s and after World War II. After the war, in 1945, full rights of production and distribution were transferred to the state agency Film Polski, and films were nationalized. This led to the production of notable films such as Jakubowska's Women Prisoners of Auschwitz (1948), which depicts the cruelty and misery of the concentration camps, and Vold's Border Town (1948), which depicts a ghetto uprising against the Nazis. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Jakubowska, W." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… トーキーの時代を迎えて,年間10~20本の作品を製作していたポーランドの映画産業は,過重な課税や検閲の強化にみられる独裁政権の反動的な文化政策と弱体な資本に起因する商業主義のために停滞する。そのなかで反動化とたたかい,映画芸術の創造を目ざす女流監督ワンダ・ヤクボフスカWanda Jakubowska(1907‐ ),イェジー・ボサックJerzy Bossak(1910‐ ),アレクサンデル・フォルドAleksander Ford(1908‐80)など新しい世代の作家たちが台頭し,29年に芸術映画に献身する人たちの協会〈スタルトSTART〉を設立して〈社会的に有用な〉映画の製作を推進し,30年代および第2次世界大戦後のポーランド映画の礎をつくった。 戦後,45年に製作・配給の全権が国家代行機関である〈フィルム・ポルスキFilm Polski〉に移されて映画が国有化され,強制収容所の残虐と悲惨を描いたヤクボフスカの《アウシュウィッツの女囚》(1948),ナチスに対するゲットーの暴動を描いたフォルドの《境界の街》(1948)といった注目すべき作品がつくられた。… ※「Jakubowska,W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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