When coal is heated in an inert atmosphere (air is blocked), it softens and melts at 350-500°C, generating gases and tars through thermal decomposition, and at even higher temperatures it resolidifies into coke, a porous, hard mass of carbon. This type of coal is called caking coal, and this characteristic is called caking properties. Caking coal is essential for producing high-quality coke, and is also called raw coal. On the other hand, coal that does not soften or melt when heated, and remains the same or is pulverized into carbon particles (char), is called non-caking coal. The degree of softening and melting is measured using a Gieseler Plus Meter, a type of rotational viscometer, by measuring the temperature at which the blades begin to rotate (softening onset temperature), the temperature at which the rotation speed reaches its maximum (maximum fluidity temperature) and the rotation speed at that time (maximum fluidity given in dial divisions per minute (ddpm), which is the number of marks per minute on the scale engraved on the rotating plate), and the temperature at which the rotation stops (solidification temperature). Caking coal is also characterized by the expansion phenomenon caused by the generation of gas and tar when it softens and melts, and is also evaluated using the button index, which is determined from the outline of the expanded coke cake produced by a crucible expansion test. Coal with a very high expansive property is called caking coal, but it swells due to the gas generated and is difficult to make into strong coke. Coal that can produce strong coke is called strong caking coal, which is bituminous coal that has moderate expansiveness and fluidity and has a high carbonization yield. Coal-fired coal includes bituminous coal and some subbituminous coal. In pulverized coal combustion furnaces for coal-fired power plants and some gasifiers, the use of coking coal is sometimes restricted because the coal melts and clogs the tip of the pulverized coal injection nozzle. In the molded coking process using non-caking coal, caking coal is sometimes used as a binder to act as glue for the non-caking coal. [Ouchi's Earl, Toshihiro Aramaki] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
石炭を不活性雰囲気(空気を遮断した状態)で加熱するとき350~500℃で軟化溶融するとともに、熱分解によってガス、タールなどを発生し、さらに高温になると再固化して多孔質で硬い炭素の塊であるコークスとなるものがある。このような石炭を粘結炭といい、そのような特性を粘結性と称する。粘結炭は良質なコークスの製造には不可欠であり、原料炭ともよばれる。一方、加熱に際して軟化溶融せず、そのままの形または粉化して炭素粒子(チャー)となるものを非粘結炭という。 軟化溶融の程度は、一種の回転粘度計であるギーセラープラスとメーターなどにより測定され、羽の回転し始める温度(軟化開始温度)、回転数の最大となる温度(最高流動度温度)とそのときの回転数(回転板に刻まれた目盛りの1分間当りの数値dial division per minute=ddpmで与えられる最高流動度)、回転の止まる温度(固化温度)を測定して評価される。 粘結炭は、軟化溶融時にガスやタールが発生するため膨張現象がみられることも特徴であり、るつぼ膨張性試験によって膨張したコークケーキの輪郭からボタン指数によっても評価される。 非常に膨張性の高い石炭は粘着炭caking coalとよばれるが、これは発生ガスにより膨れ上がってしまい、強度の高いコークスとはなりがたい。強度の高いコークスを与える石炭は強粘結炭といい、適度の膨張性や流動性を示し、かつ炭化収率の高い瀝青炭(れきせいたん)である。 粘結炭には瀝青炭と一部の亜瀝青炭が属する。石炭火力発電における微粉炭燃焼炉やある種のガス化炉では微粉炭吹込みノズル先端において石炭が溶融して閉塞(へいそく)するため、粘結炭の使用が制限されることもある。 非粘結炭を用いる成型コークス化法では、粘結炭を非粘結炭の結合剤として糊(のり)の役目をさせるために用いられることがある。 [大内公耳・荒牧寿弘] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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