host

Japanese: host
host

…One of the mutually harmful effects of the relationships between living organisms. The usual definition is that a living organism lives in the body of another organism and uses it for nutrition without killing it. A parasitic organism is called a parasite, and an organism that is parasitized is called a host. However, even if herbivorous animals fit this definition, they are not considered parasitic.

From [Hospitality]

…In fact, the English word “hospitality,” which corresponds to the Japanese word “motenashi,” usually means this. The etymology of the word hospitality can be traced back to the Latin word hospitalitas, and further to the Latin word hospes, which originally meant both a guest and a stranger, and its synonym, hostis, meant both a stranger and an enemy. Such multi-semantic associations in ancient words clearly show the status of strangers coming from the outside world. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "host" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…生物の相互関係のうち片害作用の一つ。他種の生物の身体にすみつき相手を殺さずに栄養として利用することというのが普通の定義で,寄生するものを寄生者parasite,寄生されるものを宿主または寄主hostと呼ぶ。しかし植物食の動物はこの定義にあてはまっても寄生しているとはいわない。…

【もてなし】より

…実際,日本語の〈もてなし〉に相当する英語の〈ホスピタリティhospitality〉という言葉は,ふつうこちらを意味している。hospitalityという言葉は,語源的にはラテン語のhospitalitasを経てさらに同じくラテン語のhospesにさかのぼることができるが,このhospesという言葉は,本来,客と同時に異人を表し,さらにその類義語であるhostisは異人と同時に敵を意味した。古代語のこのように多義的な意味連関は,外部の世界からやってくる異人の地位を如実に示すものである。…

※「host」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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