Hisao Otsuka

A scholar of Western economic history. Born in Kyoto Prefecture on May 3, 1907. Graduated from the Faculty of Economics at Tokyo Imperial University in 1930 (Showa 5), ​​he became a professor at Hosei University before going on to become a professor at the University of Tokyo. After retiring from the government in 1968 (Showa 43), he became a professor at International Christian University. His unique theory, which combines Max Weber's method of religious sociology with Marx's materialistic view of history, is called "Otsuka historiography" and has had a great influence on the study of Japanese economic history and intellectual history. His main work, "An Introduction to the Modern European Economic History" (1944), which came after "A History of the Origin of the Corporation" (1938), is famous for its laborious work that strongly suggests the pre-modern nature of Japanese capitalism, locating the formation of modern industrial capital in rural middle-class producers (yeoman) in the UK. His works "Genealogy of Modern Capitalism" (1946) and "Religious Reformation and Modern Society" (1948) also led the momentum for democratization after World War II. Later, in "Basic Theory of Community" (1955), he explained the birth of modern society from the history of various types of community, while in "Method of Social Science" (1966) and "Man in Social Science" (1977), he made full use of Marx's theory of alienation and Weber's analysis of economic ethics, and proposed interdisciplinary research on human types in the modern world, demonstrating his broad perspective. In 1992, he was awarded the Order of Culture. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo.

[Kiyoji Mochizuki]

"Studies on Max Weber" by Otsuka Hisao, Ando Eiji, Uchida Yoshiaki, and Sumiya Kazuhiko (1965, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "The Collected Works of Otsuka Hisao, 13 volumes (1969-1986, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Basic Theory of Community" (Iwanami Gendai Bunko)" ▽ "European Economic History" by Otsuka Hisao (Iwanami Gendai Bunko)" ▽ "Method of Social Science (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "Man in Social Science (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "Weber and Marx: The Thought Structure of Japanese Social Science" by Uchida Yoshiaki (1972, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Thoughts and Their Apparatuses 1: Postwar Enlightenment and the Thought of Social Science" by Sugiyama Mitsunobu (1983, Shinyosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

西洋経済史学者。明治40年5月3日京都府に生まれる。1930年（昭和5）東京帝国大学経済学部を卒業、法政大学教授を経て東京大学教授。1968年（昭和43）定年退官後、国際基督(キリスト)教大学教授。マックス・ウェーバーの宗教社会学の手法とマルクスの唯物史観を総合した独自の学説は「大塚史学」とよばれ、日本の経済史、思想史研究に大きな影響を及ぼしている。『株式会社発生史論』（1938）を経て生まれた主著『近代欧洲(おうしゅう)経済史序説』（1944）は、イギリスの近代的産業資本の形成主体を農村の中産的生産者（ヨーマン）に求め、日本資本主義の前近代性を強く示唆した労作として名高い。『近代資本主義の系譜』（1946）、『宗教改革と近代社会』（1948）も第二次世界大戦後の民主化の気運をリードした。その後、『共同体の基礎理論』（1955）で共同体の諸類型の歴史から近代社会の生成を説く一方、『社会科学の方法』（1966）、『社会科学における人間』（1977）ではマルクス疎外論とウェーバーの経済倫理分析を駆使しながら、現代世界の人間類型の学際的研究を提唱するなど視野は広い。1992年（平成4）文化勲章を受章。東京大学名誉教授。

［望月清司］

『大塚久雄・安藤英治・内田芳明・住谷一彦著『マックス・ヴェーバー研究』（1965・岩波書店）』▽『『大塚久雄著作集』全13巻（1969～1986・岩波書店）』▽『『共同体の基礎理論』（岩波現代文庫）』▽『大塚久雄著『欧州経済史』（岩波現代文庫）』▽『『社会科学の方法』（岩波新書）』▽『『社会科学における人間』（岩波新書）』▽『内田芳明著『ヴェーバーとマルクス――日本社会科学の思想構造』（1972・岩波書店）』▽『杉山光信著『思想とその装置1　戦後啓蒙と社会科学の思想』（1983・新曜社）』

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