…Thermochemistry and electrochemistry were the first to appear. Germain Henri Hess (1802-50) discovered Hess's Law (1840), which states that the heat of reaction is independent of the path of the reaction. In 1878, American JW Gibbs, building on the progress in thermodynamics that had been made during that time, introduced the concept of "free energy" to define the energy aspect of chemical reactions. … From Hess's Law…An important law in thermochemistry that states that the amount of heat of a reaction is independent of the course of the reaction once the initial and final states of the reaction are determined. It was discovered experimentally by Germain Henri Hess of Switzerland in 1840, before the establishment of the first law of thermodynamics, which asserts that energy is conserved, and is also known as the law of conservation of total heat. This law makes it possible to add and subtract in thermochemical equations that include changes in heat, and to calculate the heat of a reaction that is difficult to measure directly using data on the heat of another reaction. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Hess, GH" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…熱化学と電気化学がそのなかで最も早く登場した。ヘスGermain Henri Hess(1802‐50)は,反応熱はその経路によらないという〈ヘスの法則〉を発見(1840)した。1878年にはアメリカのJ.W.ギブズが,その間になされた熱力学の進歩をふまえて,化学反応にエネルギー面を規定する〈自由エネルギー〉の概念を導入した。… 【ヘスの法則】より…反応熱の大きさは,その反応の初めの状態と終りの状態が定まれば,途中の道筋のいかんによらない,という熱化学上の重要な法則。エネルギーが保存されることを主張する熱力学第1法則が確立する以前の1840年に,スイスのヘスGermain Henri Hessによって,実験的に見いだされたもので,〈総熱量保存の法則〉とも呼ばれる。この法則により,熱量変化を含めた熱化学方程式の加算,減算が可能になり,直接測定の困難な反応熱を別の反応熱データを用いて算出することができる。… ※「Hess,G.H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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