Grama (English spelling)

Japanese: grāma(英語表記)grama
Grama (English spelling)

...The prototype of Indian society and culture was formed in this "ancient" period, and the prototype of the village can also be found in this period. According to legend, there were 16 great nations (country = janapada) in northern India in the 6th to 5th centuries BC, and the nations were made up of districts (jana), and the districts were made up of villages (grāma). Just as "janapada" means "a foothold of a tribe (jana)," and "grāma" originally meant "a group of blood relatives who traveled with livestock and shudras," the Indo-Aryan villages were formed from the settlement of tribes, which were groups of large families led by a patriarch. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "grāma" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…インドの社会と文化の原型は,こうした〈古代〉において形成されたものであり,むらの原型もこの時代に求められる。 伝説によると前6~前5世紀の北インドには16の大国(国=ジャナパダjanapada)が存在し,国家は県(ジャナjana)の,県はむら(グラーマgrāma)の集まりからできていた。〈ジャナパダ〉は〈部族(ジャナ)の足場〉を意味し,〈グラーマ〉は元来〈家畜とシュードラを率いて移動する血縁集団〉の意味であったように,インド・アーリヤ人のむらは,家父長に率いられた大家族の集団である部族の定住のなかから形成されたものである。…

※「grāma」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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