The upper atmosphere, from 90 to 500 km above sea level, where the temperature rises with altitude. This temperature rise is the result of heating by extreme ultraviolet solar radiation. The temperature at 90 km is about 190 K (-80°C) in absolute terms, and from this altitude the temperature rises with altitude, approaching a constant value at altitudes of 350 to 500 km. The temperature of the thermosphere varies greatly depending on the presence or absence of solar radiation, and is also greatly influenced by solar activity. The temperature at an altitude of 500 km is called the thermopause temperature, and varies from 500 to 2000 K. The thermosphere is close to a vacuum, with a maximum pressure of less than one-tenth of a pascal, so even if the thermosphere is said to be hot, this is a different physical temperature scale from the temperature we feel in our daily lives. [Toshihiro Ogawa] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大気上層部分の、高度90キロメートルから約500キロメートルまでの、気温が高度とともに上昇する部分をいう。この気温上昇は太陽極紫外線(太陽極紫外光)による加熱作用の結果である。高度90キロメートルの気温は絶対温度で190K(零下約80℃)ほどで、この高度から気温は高さとともに上昇し、高度350ないし500キロメートルではほぼ一定の値に近づく。熱圏温度は日射の有無により大きな日変化をし、また太陽活動により大きく影響される。高度500キロメートル付近の気温は熱圏界面温度とよばれ、500~2000Kまで変化する。熱圏は最高気圧でも10分の1パスカル以下という真空に近い状態なので、熱圏が高温といっても、日常感じることのできる気温とは別の、物理学的な意味をもった温度の尺度を示している。 [小川利紘] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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