Oryoushi - Oryoushi

Ryoge no kan was established in the Heian period. At first, their duties were to lead soldiers to the battlefield, but later they also participated in actual battles and maintained peace in the provinces. They were first seen in historical documents in 795 (Enryaku 14), and were active in the battles against the Emishi in the late 9th century. They first participated in actual battles during the Johei-Tengyo Rebellion (935-941), when Shimotsuke Province's Oshogu Fujiwara Hidesato was the driving force behind the government's victory in the rebellion. From this time on, they began to be established in each province individually, and as permanent posts, they were responsible for maintaining peace within the country. In some cases, the provincial governor of the province held the position, and in other cases, a local lord was appointed, but the latter became more common. Oshogu were also established in manors, and it seems that they were responsible for inspecting the affairs of the manors. The Kamakura Shogunate's Sotsuibushi (shugo) inherited the Tsuihoshi in name, but in terms of duties they had many ties to the Oryoshi.

[Inoue Mitsuro]

"Research on the Military System in the Heian Period" by Mitsuro Inoue (1980, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安時代に設置された令外官(りょうげのかん)。初めは兵員を統率して戦地に向かうことを職掌とし、のち実戦にあたり、また地方の治安の維持にもあたった。史料上の初見は795年（延暦14）で、9世紀後半の蝦夷(えぞ)との戦闘にも活躍している。本格的に実戦に参加したのは承平(じょうへい)・天慶(てんぎょう)の乱（935～941）のときであり、下野(しもつけ)国押領使藤原秀郷(ひでさと)は乱の政府側勝利の原動力となった。このころから各国に個別に置かれ始め、常置の職として国内の治安の確保にあたった。その国の国司が兼務する場合と、土豪が任命される場合とがあったが、後者が一般的となった。また荘園(しょうえん)にも押領使が置かれ、荘園内部の検察などにあたったようである。鎌倉幕府の総追捕使(そうついぶし)（守護）は、名称のうえでは追捕使を受け継いでいるが、職掌のうえでは押領使とつながるところが多い。

［井上満郎］

『井上満郎著『平安時代軍事制度の研究』（1980・吉川弘文館）』

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