Omi Code - Oumi Code

It is believed that the first ryo (code of laws) was compiled in Japan during the reign of Emperor Tenchi (established in 661, reigned from 668 to 671). However, it is believed that no ritsu (code of laws) was compiled. Opinions are divided regarding the compilation of the Omi Code, and broadly speaking, there are three theories: (1) that, based on sources such as the Nihon Shoki, Shoku Nihongi, the first volume of the Toshikaden (c. 760), and the preface to the Konin Kakushiki (820), the 22 volumes of the code were compiled in the first year of Emperor Tenchi's reign (668), revised in 681 (the 10th year of Emperor Tenmu's reign), and bestowed upon the emperor in 689 (the 3rd year of Empress Jito's reign); (2) that the code was compiled during the reign of Emperor Tenchi, but that the compilation from 681 onwards relates to the Kiyomihara Code; and (3) that the first volume of the Toshikaden and the preface to the Konin Kakushiki are later historical sources and should not be trusted, and that the Omi Code did not exist at all.

[Eiichi Ishigami]

"Ritsuryo" by Mitsusada Inoue and others (1976, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

天智(てんじ)天皇（称制661、在位668～671）のときに、日本で初めて編纂(へんさん)されたと考えられている令。ただし、律は編纂されなかったと考えられている。近江令の編纂については見解が分かれ、大きくは、(1)『日本書紀』、『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』、『藤氏家伝(とうしかでん)』上（760ころ）、『弘仁格式(こうにんきゃくしき)』序（820）などにより、天智即位元年（668）に令22巻を編纂し、681年（天武天皇10）から更改が行われ、689年（持統天皇3）に班賜されたとの説、(2)天智朝の編纂は認めるが、681年からの編纂は浄御原令(きよみはらりょう)に関するものであるとの説、(3)『藤氏家伝』上、『弘仁格式』序は後代の史料で信ずべきではなく、近江令は存在しなかったとの説、の3説がある。

［石上英一］

『井上光貞他著『律令』（1976・岩波書店）』

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