The Eika Rebellion

A rebellion that occurred in China during the Yongjia period (307-313) at the end of the Jin (Western Jin) dynasty. The Eight Kings' Rebellion, which began in 300, plunged northern China into chaos and gave the foreign tribes that had been oppressed under the rule of the Jin dynasty an opportunity for independence. The Xiongnu were the first to become active, and when Liu Yuan established the state of Han (Former Zhao) in 304, they used Shanxi as a base to invade Henan and Shandong, and in 311 they captured the Jin capital of Luoyang, captured Emperor Huai, and destroyed and plundered at will. Emperor Huai was killed two years later, and Emperor Min ascended to the throne in Chang'an, but he no longer had any power, and the Western Jin dynasty can be said to have essentially fallen with the fall of Luoyang. In 316, Emperor Min surrendered to Liu Yao of Han and was killed the following year. Sima Rui restored the Jin (Eastern Jin) state at Jiankang, and from then on there was an era of political division with the Five Barbarians to the north and the Eastern Jin state to the south.

[Keifumi Kubozoe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、晋(しん)（西晋）末の永嘉年間（307～313）に起こった乱。300年に始まった八王の乱は、華北を大混乱に陥れ、晋朝統治下で圧迫されていた異民族に独立の機会を与えた。そのなかでもっとも早く活動したのは匈奴(きょうど)族であり、劉淵(りゅうえん)が304年に漢（前趙(ぜんちょう)）国を建てると、山西を根拠に河南・山東方面を攻略、311年には晋の都洛陽(らくよう)を落として懐帝を捕らえ、破壊略奪をほしいままにした。翌々年懐帝が殺されると、愍(びん)帝が長安で即位したがもはや力なく、西晋は洛陽陥落をもって実質的に滅亡したといえる。316年愍帝が漢の劉曜(りゅうよう)に降(くだ)って翌年殺されると、司馬睿(しばえい)が建康に晋（東晋）を復興し、以後は北に五胡(ごこ)の諸国、南に東晋という政治的分裂の時代が続く。

［窪添慶文］

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