Belém (English spelling)

Japanese: ベレン（英語表記）Belém

Also known as Pará. Capital of the state of Pará in northern Brazil. A port city located on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Pará River, which forms part of the mouth of the Amazon River. It is located about 140 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, close to the point where the Guajara River flows into the city. On the opposite bank of the Pará River is the vast Marajo Island. It belongs to a tropical climate zone with high temperatures and heavy rainfall, with an average annual temperature of 26°C. The annual precipitation reaches 2,700 mm, most of which falls between January and June. A settlement was built around the fortress in 1616, and it became the center of Portuguese colonial activities in the region. Until the end of the 17th century, it prospered mainly through sugar trade and cattle farming, and then it became centered on the cultivation of rice, cotton, coffee, etc., but it declined as the productivity of these crops increased in southern Brazil. During the rubber boom of the late 19th century to the early 20th century, it became a major shipping port for natural rubber produced in the Amazon Basin, and prospered again. After the boom, it continued to develop as a major commercial center in northern Brazil and as a port that serves as a gateway to the Amazon basin. Currently, the city mainly ships Brazil nuts, black pepper, cassava, jute, timber, and alumina. Food processing, lumber, shipbuilding, machinery, soap, and other industries are located here. Although colonial-era buildings such as the Church of Santo Alessandre (1616) remain, the city center, known for its mango-lined streets, has been rapidly modernized in recent years, and high-rise buildings have been built in the center. It is the cultural center of northern Brazil, and various cultural facilities are located within the city, including the Federal University of Pará (1957), the Goeldi Museum, and the Paz Theatre. The port is a major river port for Amazonian water transport, and is also important as a seaport for international and coastal shipping routes. It is also the terminus of the TransAmazon Highway that runs north from Brasilia, and is the center of the road network for the surrounding area. It also has an international airport. Population: 1,246,435 (1991 estimate).

Belem
Belém

Also known as Santa Maria de Belém. Western district of Lisbon City, Lisbon District, central-west Portugal. Located on the right bank of the Tagus River, it was once the site of the Royal Palace. It is home to the Tower of Belém (1515-21), built to commemorate Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India in 1499, the Jerónimos Monastery, which commemorates the achievements of Henry the Navigator, and other buildings that represent the Portuguese Age of Discovery. It also has the presidential palace, Paço de Belém (1770), and various museums. Population: 17,911 (estimated 1981).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

別称パラ Pará。ブラジル北部，パラ州の州都。アマゾン川河口部の一部をなすパラ川の下流部右岸に位置する港湾都市。大西洋から同川を約 140kmさかのぼった地点にあり，グアジャラ川の流入点に近い。パラ川の対岸は広大なマラジョ島である。高温多雨の熱帯気候区に属し，年平均気温 26℃。年降水量は 2700mmに達し，その大部分は1～6月に降る。 1616年要塞を中心として集落が建設され，この地域のポルトガル植民活動の中心地となった。 17世紀末まではおもに砂糖貿易と牧牛によって繁栄，その後はイネ，ワタ，コーヒーなどの栽培が中心となったが，ブラジル南部でこれら作物の生産性が高まるとともに衰退。 19世紀末～20世紀初めのゴム・ブーム時代にアマゾン盆地に産する天然ゴムの主要積出港となり，再び繁栄。同ブーム後もブラジル北部の主要商業中心地として，またアマゾン流域の玄関口をなす港として発展。現在おもにブラジルナッツ，黒コショウ，キャッサバ，ジュート，木材，アルミナを積出す。食品加工，製材，造船，機械，石鹸などの工業が立地する。サントアレサンドレ教会 (1616) など植民地時代の建物も残るが，マンゴー並木で知られる市街は近年急速に近代化が進み，中心部には高層ビルが立並ぶ。ブラジル北部の文化中心地で，市内にはパラ連邦大学 (1957) ，ゴエルディ博物館，パス劇場など各種の文化施設がある。港はアマゾン水運の主要河港であるとともに，国際航路，沿岸航路の海港としても重要。またブラジリアから北上するトランスアマゾン・ハイウェーの終点で，周辺一帯の道路網の中心となっている。国際空港もある。人口 124万 6435 (1991推計) 。

ベレン
Belém

別称サンタマリアデベレン Santa Maria de Belém。ポルトガル中西部，リスボン県，リスボン市の西部地区。テージョ川右岸にあってかつて王宮がおかれた。 1499年のバスコ・ダ・ガマによるインド航路発見を記念して建設されたベレンの塔 (1515～21) ，エンリケ航海王子の偉業を記念したジェロニモス修道院などポルトガル大航海時代を代表する建造物をはじめ，大統領官邸パソデベレン (1770) ，各種博物館などがある。人口1万 7911 (1981推計) 。

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