Oshu Tandai - Oshu Tandai

The governing body of Mutsu Province under the Muromachi Shogunate. One of the local administrative authorities. The Ashikaga clan appointed Shiba Enaga as the steward of the Kamakura government and Ishido Yoshifusa as the general commander of Oshu, and began to take control of Oshu, establishing the Oshu Kanrei government in 1346 (Shohei 1, Sadawa 2). In principle, two people were appointed as Oshu Kanrei, with Kira Sadaie and Hatakeyama Kuniuji as the first Kanrei, but due to the division of power after the Kanno Disturbance (1350-52), four or more people continued to hold the title of Kanrei at the same time. During the Yoshimitsu administration, under the rule of Hosokawa Yoriyuki, the Shogunate's Kanrei, the system was reorganized into the Oshu Tandai system. It was temporarily abolished in 1391 (Genchu ​​8, Meitoku 2), and both Oshu and Ushu provinces were placed under the control of the Kamakura Shogunate. In 1400 (Oei 7), the title of Tandai was first restored to the Shiba Osaki clan, and after the downfall of the Inamura and Sasagawa Imperial Palaces (1440), the functions of the Tandai system were also restored under the Yoshimasa administration. However, after the Onin War, the functions of the Shogunate became mere formalities. The Amarumeshi Kyuki (1514), which is said to have been written by Rusu using documents related to the Osaki Shogunate at the time, is important as a record that describes the order of Oshu in the center of the Oshu Tandai.

[Iwao Endo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町幕府の陸奥(むつ)国統治機関。地方行政府の一つ。足利(あしかが)氏が、斯波家長(しばいえなが)を鎌倉府執事(しつじ)、石塔義房(いしどうよしふさ)を奥州総大将に任命して、奥州掌握に着手し、1346年（正平1・貞和2）に奥州管領(かんれい)府を樹立。奥州管領は、吉良貞家(きらさだいえ)と畠山国氏(はたけやまくにうじ)を初代として、原則として2名が任命されたが、観応(かんのう)の擾乱(じょうらん)（1350～52）以後の政権分裂によって、同時に4名以上の者が管領を称する事態が続いた。義満(よしみつ)政権下の幕府管領細川頼之(ほそかわよりゆき)のとき、奥州探題制に改組。1391年（元中8・明徳2）に一時廃止され、奥羽両国は鎌倉府の配下に置かれたが、1400年（応永7）に、まず斯波大崎氏に探題の称号の復活が認められ、稲村(いなむら)・篠川(ささがわ)両御所の滅亡（1440）後、義政(よしまさ)政権下で、探題制の機能も回復した。しかし、応仁(おうにん)の乱以後、府の機能は形骸(けいがい)化した。なお、当時の大崎関係文書をも素材にして留守(るす)氏が書き上げたといわれる『余目氏(あまるめし)旧記』（1514）は、奥州探題中心の奥羽秩序が描写された記録として重要である。

［遠藤　巌］

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