Valley of the Kings

Japanese: 王家の谷 - おうけのたに
Valley of the Kings

Located on the west bank opposite Luxor in Upper Egypt, this valley is home to the tombs of kings from the New Kingdom. Divided into the eastern and western valleys, 62 tombs have been discovered here, of which 25 are royal tombs. The most recently discovered royal tomb was that of King Tutankhamun, discovered in 1922. The first royal tomb to be built in this valley was by the third king of the 18th dynasty, Tutmose I, who built his mortuary temple and tomb in separate locations and created a new design by placing his tomb underground in bedrock, out of sight. This was based on historical considerations that a magnificent tomb like a pyramid, no matter how sturdy it is, would not escape the hands of grave robbers. The kings of the 19th and 20th dynasties followed suit. In addition to kings, princes and members of the royal family were sometimes buried here as well.

The tombs vary in size, but the largest ones, which are over 100 meters from the entrance to the burial chamber, are the tomb of Horuenheb (105 meters) and the tomb of Seti I (110 meters). A combination of chambers, pits and corridors continue until the burial chamber is reached, and the walls are covered with religious texts and paintings. Grave robbing began as early as the 20th Dynasty, and court records remain. At one time, the royal family even reburied the mummies of several dozen kings together in one hiding place. The robbing continued unabated until the present day. As a result, when archaeologists entered the tombs in the 19th century, they were all ransacked. Only the tomb of King Tutankhamun was almost intact. In 1979, the valley was registered as a World Heritage Site under the title "Ancient Thebes (Luxor) and its Necropolis" (World Cultural Heritage). In 1903, two female mummies were discovered here, and in 2007 the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced that DNA testing had identified one of them as Hatshepsut, the fifth queen of the 18th dynasty.

[Denroku Sakai]

[References] | Seti (I) | Tutankhamun | Tutmose (I) | Hatshepsut
Valley of the Kings
The tombs of the kings of the New Kingdom. More than 60 tombs have been confirmed, including the royal tomb. Part of the World Heritage Site "Ancient Thebes and its Necropolis" (Egypt, registered in 1979) Luxor, Egypt ©Shogakukan ">

Valley of the Kings


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

上エジプトのルクソールの対岸(西岸)にある、新王国時代の王たちの墓のある谷。東の谷と西の谷に分かれ、62基の墓がここで発見されている。このうち25基が王墓である。いちばん新しく発見された王墓は、1922年発見のツタンカーメン王墓。この谷に初めて王墓を築いたのは第18王朝の3代目の王トゥトメス1世で、彼は葬祭殿と墓を別々の地に築き、墓を人目につきにくい所の、地下岩盤の中に設けるという新しい設計をした。ピラミッドのように豪壮な墓は、いかに堅固でも盗掘者の手を逃れることはできないという歴史的考察からである。そのあと、第19、第20の2王朝の王がこれに倣った。王のほかに王子、王族もときとしてここに葬られた。

 大きさはいろいろだが、入口から玄室まで100メートルを超える大形のものとして、ホルエンヘブの墓(105メートル)とセティ1世の墓(110メートル)がある。玄室に達するまで、室、落し穴、通廊の組合せが続き、壁面は宗教上の文字と絵で覆われている。盗掘はすでに第20王朝に始まっていて、その裁判記録が残っている。王家はある時代には数十人の王のミイラをまとめて1か所の隠し場に再埋葬までした。盗掘は休むことなく現代にまで続いた。そのため19世紀に考古学者が墓に入ったとき、墓はすべて荒らされたあとであった。ほぼ無傷だったのはツタンカーメン王墓ただ一つである。この谷は1979年に「古代都市テーベ(ルクソール)とその墓地遺跡」として、世界遺産の文化遺産に登録されている(世界文化遺産)。なお、1903年にここから2体の女性のミイラが発見されていたが、2007年にエジプト考古庁はそのうちの1体をDNA鑑定により第18王朝5代目の女王ハトシェプストと特定したと発表した。

[酒井傳六]

[参照項目] | セティ(1世) | ツタンカーメン | トゥトメス(1世) | ハトシェプスト
王家の谷
新王国時代の王たちの墓所。王墓をはじめ、60基以上の墓が確認されている。世界文化遺産「古代都市テーベとその墓地遺跡」の一部(エジプト・1979年登録) エジプト ルクソール©Shogakukan">

王家の谷


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