differential centrifugation

Japanese: differential centrifugation(英語表記)differentialcentrifugation
differential centrifugation

…Generally, cells are disrupted in a non-electrolyte solvent that does not affect the function of proteins such as enzymes, usually a cooled isotonic solution of sucrose, to produce a homogenate, and then each intracellular component such as organelles is fractionated from this homogenate based on differences in size, shape, density, etc. Differential centrifugation is used to primarily address size differences by applying different centrifugal forces to the sample in stages to separate larger organelles (especially nuclei, which are large and heavy and therefore precipitate at low centrifugal forces). By gradually increasing the centrifugal force, the precipitated fractions can be collected in the order of mitochondria, microsomes, ribosomes, and then granular components of protoplasm smaller than ribosomes. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "differential centrifugation" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一般に,酵素などのタンパク質の機能に影響を与えない非電解質の溶媒,通常はショ糖の冷却等張溶液中で細胞破砕してホモジェネートhomogenate(細胞破砕液)にし,このホモジェネートから細胞小器官などの各細胞内構成要素を大きさ,形状,密度などの違いによって分画している。主として大きさの違いに対しては,試料に異なる遠心力を段階的に作用させて,大きい細胞小器官(とくに核は大きく重いので低い遠心力で沈殿する)から分画していく分画遠心法differential centrifugationが用いられる。遠心力を段階的に大きくすると,ミトコンドリア,ミクロソーム,リボソーム,さらにリボソームより小さな原形質の顆粒(かりゆう)成分の順に沈殿分画として集めることができる。…

※「differential centrifugation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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