…By the 9th century, Islamic law (Sharia) had been systematized, and the authority of the caliph, who was the leader of the Ummah and who enforced Sharia, was significantly strengthened. On the other hand, the unity of the Ummah had already been lost, and the Islamic world, divided into East and West, was in reality ruled by dynasties (dawla) with a caliph or king (malik, amir) as sovereign. Daula is an Arabic word that originally meant "the passage of time" or "the change of seasons," but it was not until the Abbasid period that it was used to mean "dynasty." … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "dawla" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…9世紀ころまでにはイスラム法(シャリーア)の体系化も行われ,ウンマの指導者としてシャリーアの執行にあたるカリフの権限は著しく強化された。しかし一方では,ウンマの統一はすでに失われ,東西に分裂したイスラム世界はカリフあるいは王(マリク,アミール)を主権者に戴く王朝(ダウラdawla)によって支配されるのが実情であった。ダウラは元来〈時の推移〉や〈季節の転換〉を意味するアラビア語であるが,これが〈王朝〉の意味に用いられるのはアッバース朝時代になってからのことである。… ※「dawla」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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