crystalloid

Japanese: crystalloid
crystalloid


[Concept and characteristics of colloids]
The concept of colloids was first proposed in 1861 by British chemist T. Graham. He studied the phenomenon of diffusion of various substances and found that some substances (magnesium sulfate, sugar, etc.) have a fast diffusion rate while others (gelatin, albumin, etc.) move at a very slow rate. Since the former can be easily extracted as crystals while the latter cannot, he thought that substances could generally be classified into two types, giving the names crystalloid to the former and colloid to the latter. He then showed that the two could be easily separated by dialysis using a semipermeable membrane, since crystalloids are easily dialyzed while colloids do not pass through the semipermeable membrane.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "crystalloid" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【コロイドの概念と特徴】
 コロイドの概念は1861年イギリスの化学者T.グレアムにより初めて提唱された。彼は種々の物質の拡散の現象を研究し,ある種の物質(硫酸マグネシウム,砂糖など)は速い拡散速度をもつのに対し,別の物質(ゼラチン,アルブミンなど)の移動速度は非常に遅いことを知り,前者がたやすく結晶として取り出すことができるのに対し,後者はそうでないことから,一般に物質は2種に分類できると考え,前者にクリスタロイドcrystalloid,後者にコロイドという名前を与えた。そして半透膜を用いる透析によりクリスタロイドは容易に透析されるのに対し,コロイドは半透膜を通らないことから,両者を容易に分離できることを示した。…

※「crystalloid」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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