architektōn (English spelling)

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[Meaning of Architect]
The term architect comes from the Greek word architektōn, which means "great engineer." In other words, an architect was a versatile engineer who not only built large and important buildings, but also worked on civil engineering such as roads, bridges, waterworks, and harbors, military engineering such as walls, fortifications, siege machines, and catapults, and made machines such as sundials, water clocks, water pumps, cranes, and transport machines. In peacetime, he built temples and other buildings, and in wartime, he served as a military engineer, and was an engineer who invented and created facilities and tools for attack and defense on the spot.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "architektōn" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

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［アーキテクトの意味］
　アーキテクト(建築家)という呼名の起源は，ギリシア語のアルキテクトンarchitektōnで，これは〈大技術家〉という意味である。つまり，単に大規模で重要な建物を建てるだけでなく，道路，橋梁，水道，港湾のような土木工事，城壁，要塞，攻城機械，投石機のような軍事技術，日時計，水時計，揚水機，起重機，運搬機のような機械製作も行う多芸多才な技術者で，平時には神殿その他を建て，戦時には軍事技術者として従軍し，攻撃や防備の施設や道具をその場で考案しつくり出す技術家であった。…

※「architektōn」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報