...In addition, "estoppel by record" means that facts established in the official records of a court or a legislature cannot be denied. In American procedural law, the term "collateral estoppel" is used, which is a legal principle known as "issue effect" in Japan, and it means that a court's explicit decision on a legal issue disputed by the parties in a trial should be treated as binding between the parties in other cases thereafter, i.e. cases in which res judicata does not apply. Estoppel originally concerned representations of facts, but in America it was expanded to representations of promises, and a legal principle was created that treats a promise as legally binding when, for example, after a promise to donate is made, the other party relies on it and takes various actions, to the point where allowing the revocation of the promise to donate would result in an unjust outcome. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "collateral estoppel" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また,〈正式記録を根拠とする禁反言estoppel by record〉は,裁判所または議会の正式記録の中で認定されている事実を否定することは許されないとする。なお,アメリカの訴訟法では〈コラタラル・エストッペルcollateral estoppel〉という言葉が用いられるが,これは日本で争点効とよばれる法理であり,裁判で当事者が争った法律問題について裁判所が明示的に下した判断は,その当事者の間では,それ以後の他の事件――したがって既判力は及ばない事件――においても,拘束力をもつものとして扱われるべきであるとする。 エストッペルは,元来は事実の表示に関するものであったが,アメリカでは,これを約束の表示にも広げ,例えば,寄付の約束がなされた後,相手方がこれを信頼してさまざまの行為をし,もはやその寄付の約束の撤回を認めると正義に反する結果が生ずる状態になったときは,この約束を法律上拘束力あるものとして扱うという法理が作られた。… ※「collateral estoppel」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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