Swallow - Tsubame

Japanese: 燕 - つばめ

[1] (noun) 1. A general term for birds of the swallow family. There are about 80 species distributed throughout the world. They are generally dark above and white below, and are 10 to 23 centimeters long. All live by flying through the air and catching insects. When flying, their wings are long and slender, with pointed tips. Their tails are not very long, but there are many species whose outer tail feathers are long, forming a swallow -tailed nest . Some build nests in tree holes or rock caves, some dig holes into cliffs, and some build mud nests on rock faces or buildings. Among the mud nests, there are simple bowl-shaped, spherical, and sake bottle-shaped ones, and they probably evolved in that order. Five species breed in Japan: the sand martins, which dig their own holes; the swallows that build bowl-shaped nests; the house martin, which builds spherical nests; the common house martin, which builds sake bottle-shaped nests; and the Ryukyu swallow, which lives in Okinawa. Birds of the Apodidae family are also called "Tsubame" (swallows) because they have a similar lifestyle and flight pattern, but they are classified as a different group. Since ancient times, they have been familiar as representative spring migratory birds in contrast to autumn birds. Tsubakurame (swallow-eyed bird). Tsubakorome (swallow-eyed bird). Tsubahirako (swallow-eyed bird). Tsubakura (swallow-eyed bird ). Tsubakurome (swallow-eyed bird). Iccho (blue-and -black bird). [Season: Spring] *Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 19:4144 "The time has come for the swallows to come, and the wild geese cry out, hiding in the clouds , thinking of their homeland. "② A bird of the swallow family. Total length is about 17 centimeters. The tail feathers are long, swallow-tailed, and divided into two. The upper part of the body is black with a blue brilliance, and the underside is white. From the forehead to the upper chest there is a large chestnut-brown marking bordered with black. They are skilled flyers and catch insects while flying. They build bowl-shaped nests of soil and soft debris on the eaves of houses and lay three to seven eggs. They migrate to Japan from early March to early May, and then migrate south in autumn. Many of them return to the same nest. ③ A young man who is loved by an older woman and continues to have an affair with her. ※From Edo to Tokyo (1924)〈Yada Soun〉11 "I worked like a pig to raise the swallows"④ ⇒Tsubame (noun form of the verb "tsubameru") [2][1] The name of a place in central Niigata Prefecture. Developed in the center of the Echigo Plain. Based on traditional industries such as files, pipes, and copperware, the production of Western tableware such as spoons and forks began in the mid-Taisho period, and accounts for the majority of national production. The Yahiko Line and Joetsu Shinkansen (Tsubame-Sanjo Station) run through the area. It was incorporated as a city in 1954 . [2] (Tsubame) is the nickname of a limited express train of the former Japanese National Railways. It appeared on the Tokaido Main Line in 1930. It was a luxury train with a panoramic car with a swallow tail mark attached to the rear, and initially took nine hours to travel between Tokyo and Kobe. Later, with the opening of the Tokaido Shinkansen, it became the nickname of a limited express train on the Sanyo Main Line, and disappeared with the opening of the Sanyo Shinkansen, but it was revived by JR Kyushu and is now used on the Kyushu Shinkansen. [Glossary] (1) The word forms Tsuhame and Tsuhakurome can be found in the "Iroha Jiruisho." Is the "me" in Tsubame, Tsubakurame, and Tsubakurome a common suffix for birds, such as seagulls and sparrows?
(2) In the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, Tsubame gained influence, and in the "Setsuyoshu" it overwhelmed Tsubakurame. In the Edo period, Tsubakurame became an archaic word, and Tsubame, Tsubakura, and Tsubakuro became mainstream.

En [Swallow]

[1] A state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. One of the Seven Warring States. It began when King Wu of Zhou appointed his brother Zhao Gongsui to Ji , and ruled the northern border of China from northern Hebei to southern Northeast China for about 800 years. During the reign of King Zhao, who ascended to the throne at the end of the 4th century BC, the state prospered by appointing wise men and famous generals, but was destroyed by the Qin Dynasty in 222 BC. [2] A state in China during the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms Period. There were four states: Former Yan ( 337-370 ), Later Yan ( 384-407), and Southern Yan (398-410 ), all established by the Xianbei Murong tribe, and Northern Yan ( 409-438 ) , established by the Han general Feng Ba of Later Yan. In addition, Western Yan ( 384-394 ) of the Murong tribe is not counted among the Sixteen States.

Tsubakuro (Swallow)

〘Noun〙 A variation of the word "Tsubakura (swallow)". 《Season: Spring》 ※Folk and dance song (late 17th century) New Year's dance "In February, swallows again build their nests in the shade of the trees and cry three times, wishing the world well."

Tsubame (Swallow)

〘Noun〙 Old name for the bird "Tsubame (swallow)". (Shinsen Jikyo (around 898-901))

Tsubakura [Swallow]

[Noun] = swallow (swallow) {season: spring} [Shunosho (1445-46)]

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① ツバメ科の鳥の総称。全世界に約八〇種が分布する。一般に上面が暗色、下面が白色で全長一〇～二三センチメートル。すべて空中を飛びながら昆虫をとって生活する。飛翔中翼は細長く先端がとがって見える。尾はそう長くないが、外側の尾羽が長く伸びている種がかなりあり、いわゆる燕尾(えんび)をなす。巣は樹洞や岩穴に作るもの、自分で崖に穴を掘るもの、泥で岩壁や建物に作るものがある。泥で作るものの中には単純な椀型のもの、球型のもの、徳利型のものがあり、おそらくこの順序で進化してきたと思われる。日本には自分で穴を掘るショウドウツバメ、椀型に作るツバメ、球型に作るイワツバメ、徳利型に作るコシアカツバメ、沖縄のリュウキュウツバメの五種が繁殖する。また、アマツバメ科の鳥も同様な生活と飛翔型をしているために「つばめ」と呼ばれることがあるが、分類上は別のグループに属する。古来、秋のカリに対して春の代表的な渡り鳥として親しまれている。つばくらめ。つばくろめ。つはひらく。つはひらこ。つばくら。つばくろ。乙鳥(いっちょう)。玄鳥。《季・春》※万葉（８Ｃ後）一九・四一四四「燕(つばめ)来る時になりぬと雁がねは本郷(くに)思(しの)ひつつ雲隠り鳴く」② ツバメ科の鳥。全長約一七センチメートル。尾羽は長く、燕尾形で二またに分かれる。体の上面は青く光る黒色で下面は白い。額から上胸にかけて黒色でふちどられた栗色の大きな斑紋(はんもん)がある。飛行が巧みで、飛びながら昆虫を捕食する。人家の軒などに土やわらくずで椀型の巣をつくり三～七個の卵を産む。日本には三月上旬から五月上旬にかけて全土に渡来し、秋に南方へ渡る。多くは同一の巣にもどってくる。③ 年上の女にかわいがられて情交を続ける若い男。※江戸から東京へ（1924）〈矢田挿雲〉一一「ツバメを飼ふ為めに大車輪になって働いた」④ ⇒つばめ（動詞「つばめる」の名詞形）[2][一] 新潟県中央部の地名。越後平野の中央部に発達。やすり・キセル・銅器などの伝統的産業を基礎に大正中期からスプーン・フォークなどの洋食器製造が始められ、全国生産の大部分を占める。弥彦線、上越新幹線（燕三条駅）が通じる。昭和二九年（一九五四）市制。[二] (つばめ) 旧国鉄の特別急行列車の愛称名。昭和五年（一九三〇）東海道本線に登場。最後部につばめのテールマークを付けた展望車を連結した豪華列車で、東京・神戸間を当初九時間で結んだ。その後、東海道新幹線の開業とともに山陽本線の特急列車の愛称となり、山陽新幹線の開業で姿を消したが、ＪＲ九州で復活し、現在は九州新幹線で使われる。[語誌](1)「色葉字類抄」にツハメ・ツハクロメの語形が見られる。ツバメ・ツバクラメ・ツバクロメのメは、カモメ・スズメなど、鳥類に共通する接尾語か。
(2)鎌倉・室町期になるとツバメが勢力を増し、「節用集」ではツバクラメを圧倒してくる。江戸期にはツバクラメは古語となり、ツバメ・ツバクラ・ツバクロが主流となる。

えん【燕】

[一] 中国、春秋戦国時代の国。戦国七雄の一つ。周の武王が弟の召公奭(しょうこうせき)を薊(けい)に封じたのに始まり、河北省北部から東北地方南部一帯の中国北辺を領し約八〇〇年続いた。紀元前四世紀末に即位した昭王のとき、賢者、名将を登用して繁栄したが、紀元前二二二年秦に滅ぼされた。[二] 中国、五胡十六国時代の国。鮮卑の慕容部の建てた前燕（三三七‐三七〇）、後燕（三八四‐四〇七）、南燕（三九八‐四一〇）と、漢人で後燕の将軍であった馮跋(ふうばつ)が建てた北燕（四〇九‐四三八）の四か国がある。なお、慕容部の西燕（三八四‐三九四）は十六国に数えない。