The lower house of the Polish parliament. Originally meaning a national parliament, it has a long history, having been established as a permanent institution since the time of King John I (reigned 1492-1501), when representatives of the nobility gathered in Piotrkow. The highest organ of state politics was a bicameral parliament consisting of the Privy Council (Senate) made up of bishops, ministers, provincial governors, and castle lords, and the House of Deputies made up of the regional nobility, the szlachta, and a small number of representatives of large cities. Since then, there have been historical changes in the power and composition of the Senate and the House of Deputies, but it has maintained its bicameral system and performed its functions. After World War II, the Senate was abolished in 1946, and the 1952 Constitution of the People's Republic made it unicameral. In 1989, the Senate was reinstated, and since then it has referred to only the lower house. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ポーランドの下院。本来は全国議会の意味で,歴史は古く,すでに国王ヤン1世(在位 1492~1501)時代に,貴族の代表がピョートルコフに参集してから,制度として恒久化された。司教,大臣,地方長官,城主から構成される枢密院(上院,セナト),および地域の貴族階級シュラフタと少数の大都市代表からなる代議院の,二院制(→両院制)による議会が最高の国政機関とされた。その後,上院と代議院による主導権争いとその権限,構成人員の歴史的変遷はあったが,二院制を保ってその機能を果たしてきた。第2次世界大戦後の 1946年に上院が廃止され,1952年人民共和国憲法によって一院制となった。1989年に上院が復活し,以降は下院のみを表すようになった。
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