Electra - Ēlektrā

Japanese: エレクトラ - えれくとら(英語表記)Ēlektrā
Electra - Ēlektrā

A woman in Greek mythology. There are three Electras in Greek mythology.

(1) Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She became the wife of Thaumas and bore the rainbow goddess Iris and two Harpies, Aero and Ocypete.

(2) One of the seven daughters born to Atlas and Pleione, known as the Pleiades. She gave birth to Dardanus, the ancestor of the Trojans, and Iasion, who was loved by Demeter and became the father of Plutus (the god of wealth). When Zeus tried to rape her, she fled to the Palladion, a statue of Athena, but Zeus threw the statue down to Troy and dared to have sex with her.

(3) Daughter of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and Clytaemnestra. When Clytaemnestra and her lover Aegisthus assassinated Agamemnon, she narrowly escaped death and succeeded in rescuing her young brother Orestes from Mycenae. However, Aegisthus, fearing revenge, married her off to a farmer in a distant village, where she lived alone and poor for a long time. One day, while she was visiting her father's tomb, her grown-up brother Orestes appeared and confirmed that the two were siblings. Determined to avenge his father, Orestes went to the palace with his cousin Pylades and spread false news that he had died. While the people in the palace were rejoicing and feeling relieved, he sneaked in and killed his mother Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus.

Orestes, who had achieved his revenge and regained his throne, was naturally pursued by the Erinides for the crime of killing his mother, but Electra protected him in the shade and in the light until her brother was found innocent with the help of the goddess Athena. When Electra's sister Iphigenia brought news that Orestes had been sacrificed to Artemis in Tauris, Aretes, the son of Aegisthus, usurped the throne of Mycenae. In anger, Electra met her sister Iphigenia in Delphi and tried to blind her. However, Orestes appeared at that time and found out that the news was all false, so Orestes killed Aretes, who had usurped the throne. After being freed from the crime of killing his mother with the help of the goddess Athena, Orestes became king of Mycenae and married Hermione, the daughter of his uncle Menelaus. Electra also married Pylades and gave birth to Medon and Strophius.

The above story is told in Aeschylus's Oresteia trilogy, Sophocles' Electra, and Euripides' Electra and Orestes.

[Masahiro Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の女性。ギリシア神話には、3人のエレクトラが登場する。

(1)オケアノスとテテュスとの娘。タウマスの妻となり、虹(にじ)の女神イリスと2人のハルピュイア(アエロとオキペテ)を生んだ。

(2)アトラスとプレイオネとの間に生まれたプレイアデスとよばれる7人の娘のうちの1人。ゼウスと交わってトロヤの始祖のダルダノスと、デメテルに愛されプルトス(富の神)の父となったイアシオンを生んだ。彼女はゼウスに犯されかかったとき、アテネの神像パラディオンのそばへ逃げ込んだが、ゼウスは神像をトロヤの地へ投げ落とし、あえて彼女と交わった。

(3)ミケナイ(ミケーネ)の王アガメムノンとクリタイムネストラとの娘。クリタイムネストラとその情夫アイギストスが、アガメムノンを暗殺したとき、あやうく死を免れた彼女は幼い弟オレステスをミケナイから救い出すことに成功したが、彼女自身は復讐(ふくしゅう)を恐れるアイギストスによって遠い村の農夫のもとに嫁がされ、長い間孤独で貧しい生活を送った。ある日、彼女が父の墓に詣(もう)でていると、そこへ成長した弟のオレステスが現れ、2人は姉弟であることを確認する。父の仇(あだ)を討つ決意を固めたオレステスは、いとこのピラデスとともに宮殿に向かい、自分は死亡したという偽りの情報を流す。宮殿の人々が喜び安心したすきに内部へ忍び込み、母クリタイムネストラとアイギストスとを討つ。

 復讐を果たし王位を取り戻したオレステスは、当然母親殺しの罪でエリニデスに追われる身となったが、エレクトラはアテネ女神の助力により弟が無罪となるまで、陰になり日なたになって彼を守った。オレステスがタウリスでアルテミスの生贄(いけにえ)になったという知らせをエレクトラの姉イフィゲネイアからもたらされると、アイギストスの子アレテスは、ミケナイの王位を奪った。怒ったエレクトラはデルフォイで姉のイフィゲニアに会い、彼女を盲目にしようとした。しかしそのときオレステスが現れていっさいが誤報であったことが判明し、オレステスは王位を奪ったアレテスを殺す。アテネ女神の助力で親殺しの罪から解放されたのち、オレステスは晴れてミケナイの王となり、叔父メネラオスの娘ヘルミオネを妻とした。またエレクトラは、ピラデスと結婚してメドンとストロフィオスを生んだ。

 なお以上の話はアイスキロスの『オレステイア』三部作、ソフォクレスの『エレクトラ』、およびエウリピデスの『エレクトラ』と『オレステス』において語られている。

[小川正広]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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