Akenobe mine

Japanese: 明延鉱山 - あけのべこうざん
Akenobe mine

This metal mine was located in the Oyacho area of ​​Yabu City in the central north of Hyogo Prefecture. Like the Ikuno mine, it is called a fissure-fill deposit due to its origin. Although the legend that it was discovered in the early Heian period is uncertain, copper was produced in the Muromachi period. In the early modern period, a silver mine was also discovered, and it became a Shogunate territory in 1599 (Keicho 4), but it declined in the late 18th century. After the government sold it to Mitsubishi Capital in 1896 (Meiji 29), large-scale development progressed, and tin ore was also discovered in 1908 (Meiji 41). In 1919 (Taisho 8), an ore-dressing plant was built in Mikobata (Asago City), and a mine railway was laid about 4 kilometers between Mikobata and Akenobe. At its peak around 1940 (Showa 15), a mining town with a population of several thousand formed in a deep valley. After World War II, production was reduced and rationalization was implemented, and in 1976 (Showa 51), Akenobe Mining, which was separated from Mitsubishi Metal, began operating. At that time, the mine produced copper, zinc, and tin from numerous veins such as Chiemon and Ginsei, and was one of the leading mines in Western Japan, accounting for 80% of the nation's tin concentrate production. However, the metals recession caused a decline in international competitiveness, making operations difficult, and the mine closed in 1987. Currently, the mine site is used as a place for experiential learning, with an exploration tunnel, a mining learning center, and a tin workshop, and is connected to the Akenobe Nature School, which is housed in a former elementary school. The mine tram, a famous Akenobe specialty known for its one-yen train, is also preserved.

Mikobata also had mines that produced silver and copper from the early modern period through to the Meiji period, reaching its peak in the mid-Meiji period. In 1885 (Meiji 18), a horse-drawn railway was built to transport ore to the Ikuno mine, and the Mikobata Cast Iron Bridge that was built at that time is the oldest all-cast iron bridge in Japan and is designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan. In 2007 (Heisei 19), it was recognized as one of the Heritage Sites of Industrial Modernization by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

[Mamoru Otsuki]

[Reference] | Ikuno Mine

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

兵庫県中北部、養父市(やぶし)大屋町(おおやちょう)地区にあった金属鉱山。生野(いくの)鉱山などと同様、成因から裂罅性充填(れっかせいじゅうてん)鉱床とよばれる。平安時代初期に発見という伝承は不確かであるが、室町時代には銅を産出していた。近世には銀鉱も開かれ、1599年(慶長4)には天領となったが、18世紀後半には衰退した。1896年(明治29)に政府から三菱(みつびし)資本に払い下げられてから大規模な開発が進み、1908年(明治41)には錫(すず)鉱も発見された。1919年(大正8)に神子畑(みこばた)(朝来(あさご)市)に選鉱所がつくられ、明延との間約4キロメートルには鉱山電車が敷かれた。1940年(昭和15)ごろが最盛期で、深い谷間に人口数千の鉱山町を形成した。第二次世界大戦後は減産と合理化のため、1976年(昭和51)からは三菱金属から分離した明延鉱業が稼行していた。当時はなお智恵(ちえ)門、銀星など多数の鉱脈から銅、亜鉛、錫を産し、ことに錫は精鉱生産高で全国の80%を占めるなど西日本有数の鉱山であった。しかし、金属不況のなかで国際競争力が低下して操業が困難となり、1987年に閉山となった。現在鉱山跡には探検坑道や鉱山学習館、スズ工房が整備され、廃校となった小学校を利用した「あけのべ自然学校」と結んだ体験学習の場として活用されている。一円電車で知られた明延名物の鉱山電車も保存されている。

 なお、神子畑にも近世から明治にかけて銀や銅を産出する鉱山があり、明治中期に最盛期を迎えた。1885年(明治18)、鉱石を生野鉱山へ運ぶ馬車鉄道が引かれ、そのとき架けられた神子畑鋳鉄橋は日本最古の全鋳鉄の橋として国の重要文化財に指定されている。2007年(平成19)には経済産業省より近代化産業遺産の一つとして認定された。

[大槻 守]

[参照項目] | 生野鉱山

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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