… “As long as we exist, death does not exist, and when death exists, we no longer exist.” If humans could be liberated from the fear of death and the anxiety of the afterlife, they would be able to reach a state of “ataraxia,” but while they are alive, they should pursue pleasure with contentment. “Pleasure is the beginning and end of a happy life.”… From [Hedonism]…This attitude continued in the following generation, the Epicureans. Epicurus and his school valued serenity of the soul (ataraxia) and the mental pleasures that can be obtained through a healthy and simple communal life. It is said that there was always cheerful laughter and relaxed joy in his school. … From [Pyrrhon]…The suffering of the soul begins with the mistaken belief that ever-changing phenomena are eternal reality. Therefore, he argued that the purpose of life and the perfection of man is to "suspend" all judgment (epoche) and lead the soul to "ataraxia," an undisturbed state. While later skeptics were limited to epistemological criticism, he advocated skepticism from a practical perspective that sought peace for the soul. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ataraxia" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…〈われわれの存するかぎり,死は存せず,死が現に存するときは,もはやわれわれは存しないのである〉。 死への恐れ,死後の不安から解放されるならば,それだけでも人間は〈平静不動(アタラクシアataraxia)〉の境地に入ることができるのだが,生きているうちは安んじて快楽を追求すべきである。〈快楽こそは幸福なる生活の始めにして終りなのである〉。… 【快楽主義】より…この態度は次代のエピクロス学派に続く。エピクロスとその学派は魂の平静(アタラクシアataraxia)を重んじ,健康で質素な共同生活を通して得られる精神的快楽を重んじた。彼の学園ではつねに快活な笑いとくつろいだ喜びが絶えなかったという。… 【ピュロン】より…移ろいゆく現象を永遠の実在と錯覚することから魂の苦悩が始まる。それゆえ,いっさいの判断を〈留保〉(エポケー)し,魂を何ものにもかき乱されない〈寂滅〉(アタラクシアataraxia)に導くことこそ人生の目的であり,人間の完成であるとした。後世の懐疑派がもっぱら認識論的批判に終始するのに対し,彼は魂の安らぎを求める実践的観点から懐疑を主張したのである。… ※「ataraxia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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