Essen - Essen (English spelling)

Japanese: エッセン - えっせん(英語表記)Essen
Essen - Essen (English spelling)

It is the central city of the Ruhr industrial region in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It has a population of 595,200 (2000). Located in the center of the Ruhr region, which stretches from east to west, it is the political, economic and cultural center of the Ruhr region, and is also one of Germany's leading industrial cities, mainly focused on steel and machinery. Until the 1960s, it was known as a coal mining city, but as the coal mining industry declined, the population decreased from 709,000 in 1967. It has become a management center for finance, insurance, and business, high-level retail commerce, and cultural functions such as conferences, music, and theater. It is also home to the headquarters of wide-area organizations such as the Ruhr Municipal Association, the Emscher River Association, and the Ruhr Dam Association.

It began as a fortress built along the Herbeek, an east-west highway, during the Carolingian dynasty. In 852 a convent was built here and the area developed around it. Around 1000 a merchant town was established, but it didn't really develop until the coal mining development in the first half of the 19th century. In 1811, F. Krupp built a steel foundry here and established the Krupp Trading Company, which grew on the backs of steel and coal, and in the 1840s began producing weapons, reaping huge profits and dominating German industry. As a result, the city became the base of the Krupp conglomerate and became a city of coal and heavy industry, experiencing remarkable development. It suffered extensive damage during World War II, but has been beautifully rebuilt.

The old town in the center of the city is centered around the market church (founded in 1058, rebuilt in 1952) and the market square, and has been reconstructed while preserving its original floor plan, with Limbecker Straße and Kettwiger Straße radiating out from the market square forming the main shopping district. The station is adjacent to the south of the old town, and the railway and national highway 1 (Ruhr motorway) run from east to west. The southern part is a residential area, including Krupp's former residence Villa Hügel, the city park, the Ruhr Museum, and the town hall. The garden city of Margaretenhöhe, built by Krupp for workers, also remains to this day. The northern part is a mining and industrial region, with a river port along the Rhine-Herne Canal.

[Hiroshi Kobayashi]

[References] | Krupp

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ西部、ノルトライン・ウェストファーレン州にあるルール工業地帯の中心都市。人口59万5200(2000)。東西に長いルール地方の中央部に位置し、ルール地方の政治、経済、文化の中心をなすとともに、鉄鋼、機械を主とするドイツ有数の工業都市でもある。1960年代までは炭鉱都市としても知られたが、炭鉱の斜陽化に伴って人口も67年の70万9000人から減少し、金融、保険、業務などの管理中枢機能、高次の小売商業機能、会議、音楽、演劇などの文化機能が強まっている。また、ルール地方市町村連合、エムシャー川組合、ルール川ダム協会など広域的な団体の本部もここにある。

 カロリング朝時代に東西の幹道ヘルベーク沿いに設けられた城塞(じょうさい)に始まり、852年女子修道院がつくられてこれを中心に発達、1000年ごろに商人町が成立したが、本格的に発展したのは19世紀前半の炭鉱開発以後である。すなわち、1811年F・クルップが鋳鋼工場をこの地に建ててクルップ商会を設立、鉄鋼、石炭を基盤に成長し、1840年代から兵器生産を始めて巨利を博し、ドイツ産業界に君臨した。そのため市はクルップ財閥の根拠地として、石炭、重工業の都市となり、著しい発展を遂げた。第二次世界大戦では甚大な被害を受けたが、りっぱに復興している。

 中心部をなす旧市街は市場教会(1058創設、1952再建)と市場広場を核に、往時の平面形を残したまま復興整備され、市場広場から放射するリンベッカー通りとケトウィガー通りが中心商店街をなす。旧市街に南接して駅があり、鉄道および国道1号(ルール高速道路)が東西に走る。南部は住宅地で、クルップの旧邸宅ビラ・ヒューゲル、市立公園、ルール地方博物館、公会堂などがある。クルップが労働者のために建設した田園都市マルガレーテンヘーエもいまに残る。北部は鉱工業地域で、ライン・ヘルネ運河沿いに河港がある。

[小林 博]

[参照項目] | クルップ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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