A reaction in which hydrogen atoms in organic compounds are replaced with acyl groups RCO-. Depending on the type of atom to which the hydrogen atom is attached, acylation can be classified as C-acylation, N-acylation, O-acylation, S-acylation, etc. The C-acylation reaction, in which hydrogen attached to a carbon atom of an aromatic hydrocarbon is replaced with an acyl group, is called the Friedel-Crafts reaction, and is an important reaction that is often used in organic synthesis. Particularly important acylation reactions are acetylation, in which the hydrogen is replaced with an acetyl group CH 3 CO-, and benzoylation, in which the hydrogen is replaced with a benzoyl group C 6 H 5 CO-. The reagent used for acylation is called an acylation agent, and examples of such reagents include acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and ketenes. Carboxylic acids may also be used for N-acylation, which is a relatively easy reaction. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | |©Shogakukan "> Acylation Reaction Examples Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
有機化合物中の水素原子をアシル基RCO-で置換する反応をいう。置換を受ける水素原子がついている原子の種類により、C-アシル化、N-アシル化、O-アシル化、S-アシル化などに分類される。芳香族炭化水素の炭素原子に結合している水素を、アシル基で置換するC-アシル化反応はフリーデル‐クラフツ反応とよばれ、有機合成によく利用される重要な反応である。アシル化のうちでとくに重要なのは、アセチル基CH3CO-により置換するアセチル化と、ベンゾイル基C6H5CO-により置換するベンゾイル化である。 アシル化に用いる試薬をアシル化剤といい、酸塩化物、酸無水物、ケテンが用いられる。比較的反応が容易に進むN-アシル化などにはカルボン酸を用いることもある。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | |©Shogakukan"> アシル化反応の例 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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