A plateau in the northeast of the African continent that constitutes the main part of Ethiopia. It was previously called the Abyssinian Plateau, derived from the Arabic El Habesha, but is now called Ityopya in Amharic. It occupies about 42% of Ethiopia's land area and is divided into two regions, the northwest and southeast, by the Great African Rift Valley, which runs from the Red Sea to Kenya. The plateau generally lies at an altitude of 1,300 to 3,000 meters, but the central and northern parts of the northwestern plateau are mountainous areas that exceed 4,000 meters, with Mount Ras Dashan reaching 4,533 meters. The main part of the Ethiopian plateau is composed of lava that erupted in the Tertiary Period, and the lava is thick around Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile River on the northwestern plateau. In areas where the lava is thin, such as the northern and western parts of the northwestern plateau and the southern part of the southeastern plateau, erosion of the plateau has progressed, exposing bedrock rocks such as schist and granite that underlie the lava. There is little climate data available, but temperatures vary greatly from region to region. The annual average temperature is 16-20°C, with some areas dropping below 14°C. The annual precipitation on the plateau exceeds 700-1000 mm. Settlements and farmland are concentrated on the broad, flat plateau at an altitude of 2000-3000 meters, and forests have receded due to human activities and are being replaced by grasslands. This has resulted in significant soil erosion, with more than 2000 tons of soil and sand being lost per square kilometer each year. [Nobuyuki Hori] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ大陸北東部、エチオピアの主要部を構成する高原。従来アラビア語のEl Habeshaに由来するアビシニア高原とよばれていたが、現在はアムハラ語のItyopyaの名称が用いられている。エチオピア全土の約42%を占め、紅海からケニアへ続くアフリカ大地溝帯によって、北西部と南東部の二つの地域に分けられる。高原面は一般に標高千数百メートルから3000メートルにあるが、北西高原の中部と北部には4000メートルを超える山地が広がり、なかでもラス・ダシャン山は4533メートルに達する。エチオピア高原の主部は第三紀に噴出した溶岩で構成されており、北西高原の青ナイル川の源流部にあたるタナ湖周辺は溶岩が厚い。北西高原の北部や西部、南東高原南部のように溶岩が薄い地域では高原の侵食も進み、溶岩の下位にある片岩や花崗(かこう)岩類などの基盤岩類が露出している。気候資料は少ないが、気温は地方差が大きい。年平均気温は16~20℃で、一部は14℃以下である。高原上の年降水量は700ミリメートルから1000ミリメートルを超える。集落と農耕地が集中するのは標高2000~3000メートルの平坦(へいたん)部の広い高原面で、森地は人為的影響で後退し草原化している。このために土壌侵食も顕著で、毎年1平方キロメートル当り2000トン以上の土砂が流亡している。 [堀 信行] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Ethiopic languages - Ethiopia Shogo (English spelling)
Law No. 159 of 1961. It provides for installment s...
A shogunate job title from the end of the Edo per...
A port city in northern Chile facing the Pacific O...
A nobleman descended from Fujiwara no Michizane...
C 5 H 6 O (82.10). A six-membered heterocyclic co...
A bivalve mollusk of the Veneridae family. This sp...
Protozoa (protozoans) are tens of micrometers to ...
…Normally, several groups of the same clan or blo...
A group of people living in a relatively small, s...
Article 2 of the Basic Environment Law defines pol...
A basin in the southern part of the Xinjiang Uygh...
The head temple of the Ritsu sect, located in Goj...
Traditionally, the three prefectures of Shizuoka,...
Born: May 4, 1860, Budapest [Died] July 3, 1904. E...
King of Zhao during the Warring States period in C...