akhbar (English spelling)

Japanese: akhbār(英語表記)akhbar
akhbar (English spelling)

...They also do not accept any ijma (consensus) among all Muslims. They acknowledge the authority of hadith, but they believe that it should be based on the words and deeds of the imams (akhbar). Thus, apart from the theory of imams, there is room for reconciliation between the Sunnis and the Twelvers, and throughout history, there have been repeated attempts to call the Twelvers the Ja'far school and place them alongside the four Sunni schools of jurisprudence, but in the end, this has not produced much effect.

From the Twelver

The Islamic sect of Islam is a Muslim sect that is formed by the Islamic State, the Islamic sect of Islam, and the Islamic sect of Islam. The authoritative writings of this sect were produced during the Buyid dynasty and consist of four books: Al-Kāfī fī 'ilm al-dīn (Outline of Religious Learning) by Kulaynī (?-939/940), Man la yaḥḍruhu al-faqīh (A Book Without the Need to Visit the Jurists) by Ibn Bābūya (c. 923-991), Kitāb al-istibṣār (Consideration of the Hadith) and Kitāb al-tahdhib al-aḥkām (The Finalization of Islamic Law) by TuṬūsī (c. 995-1067).

From [History]

...In addition to the ayyam and ansab of each tribe, the tribesmen in the military camps passed down the stories of their ancestors' achievements in the great conquests, clan- and family-based. From the second half of the 8th century, these stories were collected and recorded, and a new form of historical narrative, akhbār, began. This shows that Muslims were not only interested in the legend of Muhammad, but also in the subsequent development and shared experiences of the followers. The historian of Sīra, Waqidi, used akhbār to write about the secession of Arab tribes after the death of Muhammad and the history of the great conquests, paving the way for the fusion of the traditions of the Medina and Iraqi schools. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "akhbār" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…またムスリム全体のイジュマー(合意)なるものは認めない。ハディースの権威は認めるが,それはイマームの言行録(アフバールakhbār)に拠るべきであるとする。このようにイマーム論を除き,スンナ派と十二イマーム派との間に融和の余地がないわけではなく,歴史上,十二イマーム派をジャーファルJa‘far派と呼んで,スンナ派の四法学派と並んで位置づける試みも再三にわたってなされたが,結局さしたる効果をあげなかった。…

【十二イマーム派】より

…イラン革命指導者ホメイニーが提起した〈法学者の統治(ベラーヤテ・ファキー)〉とはこのことを指している。スンナ派と同様に聖典コーランに次ぐ第2の典拠としてハディースを認めるが,さらに各イマームの言行をまとめた聖言行録(アフバールakhbār)をも重視する。この派の権威ある聖言行録はブワイフ朝下に成立し,クライニーKulaynī(?‐939∥940)の《宗教の学問の大要al‐Kāfī fī ‘ilm al‐dīn》,イブン・バーブーヤIbn Bābūya(923ころ‐991)の《法学者の許に行かなくとも済む書Man lā yaḥḍruhu al‐faqīh》,トゥーシーṬūsī(995‐1067ころ)の《ハディースの検討Kitāb al‐istibṣār》および《イスラム法の仕上げKitāb al‐tahdhīb al‐aḥkām》の4書である。…

【歴史】より

…軍営都市の部族民はそれぞれの部族のアイヤームとアンサーブのほかに,大征服における祖先の功績を氏族・家族ごとに語り伝えていた。8世紀の後半から,これらの伝承の収集と記録が行われ,新形式の歴史叙述アフバールakhbārが始められた。このことは,イスラム教徒の関心がムハンマド伝だけにとどまらず,その後の教徒の発展と共同の経験とに向けられたことを示すが,シーラの史家ワーキディーはアフバールを利用して,ムハンマド没後のアラブ部族の離反や大征服史をも著し,メディナ学派とイラク学派の伝統の融合に道を開いた。…

※「akhbār」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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