A policy to prevent unemployment and ease employment anxiety. It was introduced to relieve mass unemployment during the Great Depression of the 1930s, and in developed countries after World War II, it was considered the government's responsibility to make policy efforts to achieve full employment. Until the 1950s, most employment policies were aimed at securing employment through economic adjustment and providing unemployment benefits to the unemployed, but since the 1960s, individual employment policies have been implemented for specific labor forces, such as regional unemployment, unemployment in structurally depressed industries, and unemployment among the elderly and physically disabled. These are sometimes called labor market policies or manpower policies. In Japan, since the introduction of the employment insurance system in 1975, labor market policy-based employment measures such as employment stabilization projects, employment promotion projects, and vocational ability development have been promoted. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
失業を防ぎ,雇用不安を緩和するための政策。 1930年代の世界的大不況期に大量失業を救済するために導入され,第2次世界大戦後の先進諸国では,完全雇用のための政策的努力をすることが政府の責任であると考えられるようになった。 50年代までの雇用政策のほとんどは,景気調整による雇用確保と失業者に対する失業手当の給付であったが,60年代以後はこれに加えて地域的失業,構造不況業種の失業,高年齢者・身体障害者の失業など特定分野の労働力に対する個別的雇用政策もとられるようになった。これを労働市場政策あるいはマンパワー政策と呼ぶこともある。日本でも 1975年に雇用保険制度が導入されて以降,雇用安定事業,雇用促進事業,職業能力開発など労働市場政策的な雇用対策事業がすすめられている。
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