Wariyama

Japanese: 割山 - わりやま

A system of usufruct for forests and wilderness that originated in the Edo period and developed in large part in the Meiji period. It is also called yamawake or wakeyama. Common forests and wilderness were divided and allocated to commoners, who were given possession of the land for a certain period of time, and when the period expired, they were re-allocated (→chiwari). The purpose was to prevent excessive felling and correct imbalances in usufruct, and there were two methods of division: kowari, which allocated land in proportion to the rice yield of commoners, and kawari, which allocated land equally to commoners. The period for re-allocation was usually 5, 10, or 15 years, but some were long-term or irregular, lasting more than 25 years.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代に起り，多くは明治になって発達した山林原野の用益制度。山分け，分け山ともいう。入会林野を入会権者に分割，配分し，一定期間は被配分者の占有にゆだね，期限がくると再び割替 (→地割 ) を行なった。乱伐防止，用益上の不均衡是正などを目的とし，分割方法は入会権者の所持石高に比例して配分する高割と，入会権者に均分する家割とがあった。割替期限は5，10，15年程度が普通であるが，なかには 25年以上の長期，あるいは不定期のものもあった。

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