Born June 28, 1927 in Ohio and Delaware [Died] March 10, 2012. Corona del Mar, California. American chemist. Full name: Frank Sherwood Rowland. Graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1948. Obtained his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952. After graduating from Princeton University and the University of Kansas, he became a professor at the University of California, Irvine in 1964. In 1974, together with Mario Jose Molina, he published a research report in the British scientific journal Nature that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms in the ozone layer when exposed to ultraviolet light, destroying the ozone layer. Their theory that the ozone layer, which protects life on Earth from ultraviolet light, is being lost was confirmed by the National Academy of Sciences in 1976, and in the United States, fluorocarbons, which are widely used in spray propellants, were regulated in 1978. Furthermore, following the observation of the ozone hole over Antarctica in the 1980s, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, an international agreement to reduce the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer, was adopted in 1987. Roland, along with Paul Crutzen and Molina, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1927.6.28. オハイオ,デラウェア [没]2012.3.10. カリフォルニア,コロナデルマール アメリカ合衆国の化学者。フルネーム Frank Sherwood Rowland。1948年オハイオ・ウェズリアン大学を卒業。1952年シカゴ大学で博士号を取得。プリンストン大学,カンザス大学を経て,1964年カリフォルニア大学アーバイン校の教授に就任。1974年,クロロフルオロカーボン CFC(→フロン)がオゾン層で紫外線により塩素原子を放出し,オゾン層を破壊するとの研究報告を,マリオ・ホセ・モリナとともにイギリスの科学誌『ネイチャー』に発表。地球の生物を紫外線から保護しているオゾン層が失われつつあるとする彼らの理論は 1976年アメリカ科学アカデミーによって確認され,アメリカでは 1978年スプレー噴霧剤などに広く使われるフロンガスが規制された。さらに 1980年代に南極上空のオゾンホールが観測されたのをきっかけに,1987年,オゾン層破壊物質の生産量を削減する国際的な協定であるオゾン層を破壊する物質に関するモントリオール議定書が採択された。ローランドはパウル・クルッツェン,モリナとともに 1995年にノーベル化学賞を受賞した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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