John Roebuck

Japanese: ローバック - ろーばっく(英語表記)John Roebuck
John Roebuck

English inventor and industrialist. Born in Sheffield, he was the son of a metal merchant. He studied first in Edinburgh and then in Leiden, becoming a doctor of medicine in 1742. He opened a practice in Birmingham, but preferred chemistry to medicine, and moved to work as a chemical consultant. He invented a method for recovering and refining fine gold and silver powder, and by 1746, he had established a precious metals refinery with Samuel Garbett (1717-1803), and soon invented and implemented a method for producing sulfuric acid using a lead chamber. Roebuck's purpose was to supply sulfuric acid as an intermediate raw material for nitric acid for precious metals refinery, but the demand for sulfuric acid in the bleaching industry increased, and in 1749, he built a second factory in Prestonpans, near Edinburgh, where the bleaching industry was concentrated. Their business expanded, and in 1759, they built an ironworks in Calon, Scotland. This ironworks was the most advanced factory at the time, equipped with blowers made by Smeaton, and it grew significantly through the production of military supplies such as cannons. Roebuck also tried to expand into coal mining and salt works, but these were unsuccessful and consumed the capital he had accumulated.

[Kato Kunioki]

[Reference items] | Lead chamber method | Smeaton

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの発明家、工業家。シェフィールドの金属業者の息子に生まれる。初めはエジンバラで、ついでライデンで学び1742年に医学博士となる。バーミンガムで医師として開業したが、医療よりも化学を好み、化学コンサルタントなどの仕事に移る。微粉の金銀を回収・精錬する方法を発明し、1746年までにサミュエル・ガーベットSamuel Garbett(1717―1803)とともに貴金属精錬業を設立、すぐに鉛室による硫酸製造法を発明、実施した。ローバックの目的は、貴金属精錬のための硝酸の中間原料としての硫酸を供給することであったが、漂白業での需要が大きくなり、1749年に漂白業の集中しているエジンバラの近くのプレストンパンズに第二の工場を建設した。彼らの事業は拡大し、さらに1759年にはスコットランドのカロンに製鉄所を建設した。この製鉄所はスミートンの製作した送風機を設置するなど当時の最新鋭工場であり、大砲など軍需品の生産で大きく発展した。ローバックはさらに炭鉱や製塩工場にも手を伸ばしたが、これらは成功せず、それまでに蓄積した資本を使い尽くす結果となった。

[加藤邦興]

[参照項目] | 鉛室法 | スミートン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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