Russian revolutionary and theoretical leader of the Narodnik movement. Born into an aristocratic landowner family in Pskov Province, Lavrov graduated from the artillery school in St. Petersburg and taught mathematics at a military school. However, his rescue efforts for Chernyshevsky drew the attention of the authorities and he was exiled to Vologda Province in 1867. During his exile he wrote "Historical Letters", in which he preached the importance of "critically thinking individuals" in the revolutionary struggle, which had a great influence on the Narodnik movement. In 1870 he escaped from his place of exile and went into exile in Paris, where he joined the First International and actively participated in the Paris Commune. In 1871 he was sent to London by the Commune, where he met Marx and Engels. Lavrov believed that unlike Western Europe, where the revolutionary proletariat was the central force for social change, in backward Russia the intelligentsia should prepare for social revolution by propagating socialist ideas among the people, and he was the editor of the magazine En Marche! from 1873 to 1876. However, in the 1880s, he recognized the importance of the revolutionary party's political struggle, or terror, and joined forces with the "People's Will" party to edit the "Notice of the People's Will." He died in Paris in 1900, where he had been in exile. [Tsuguo Tonokawa] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの革命家、ナロードニキの理論的指導者。プスコフ県の地主貴族の家柄に生まれ、ペテルブルグの砲術学校を卒業後、軍の学校で数学を教えた。しかし、チェルヌィシェフスキーの救援活動から当局に目をつけられ、1867年ボログダ県に流刑となった。この流刑中に『歴史書簡』を執筆した。そのなかで革命闘争における「批判的に思考する個人」の重要性を説いて、ナロードニキの運動に大きな影響を与えた。1870年流刑地を逃亡してパリへ亡命し、第一インターナショナルに加盟するとともに、パリ・コミューンにも積極的に参加した。1871年コミューンによってロンドンに派遣され、そこでマルクスおよびエンゲルスと知り合う。ラブロフは、革命的プロレタリアートが社会変革の中心勢力である西ヨーロッパと違って、遅れたロシアではインテリゲンチャが人民のなかに社会主義思想の宣伝をすることによって、社会革命の準備をすべきであるとして、1873~1876年に雑誌『前進!』を発行した。しかし、1880年代になると革命党の政治闘争=テロの重要性を認め、「人民の意志」党と提携して『人民の意志通報』の編集にあたった。1900年亡命先のパリで死去。 [外川継男] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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