Repartimiento (English spelling)

Japanese: レパルティミエント（英語表記）repartimiento

A system of conscription of indigenous (Indian) labor adopted by Spain for colonial management in the New World. The word means "distribution" and was used during the Reconquista to dispose of occupied land and spoils. It began in America when those who contributed to colonial development were given land and indigenous people, and were allowed to profit from their tributes and labor. This de facto slavery came to a deadlock due to the extreme mistreatment of the indigenous people, and the encomienda system was adopted. However, when the territory of Spain expanded with the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas, their labor conscription system was inherited and used, and the repartimiento was revived. This system took shape around 1575, when indigenous people who did not belong to an encomienda were gathered in congregations (small villages), and organizations were created that would take turns conscripting a certain number of laborers from these units. Known as mita in the Andean region and cuatequil in Mexico, these systems were subject to period and other restrictions on labor and were supposed to pay according to the type of job, but this was not actually implemented and exploitation of the indigenous people continued for most of the colonial period.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

スペインが新世界の植民地経営のために採用した先住民 (インディオ) の労働力徴発の制度。語意は「分配」で，レコンキスタ (国土回復運動 ) 期に占領地，戦利品の処分に使われたもの。アメリカにおいて，最初植民地開発の功労者に対し，土地とともに先住民を割当てて，その貢納金と労働により利益を得させたのを始りとする。この事実上の奴隷制が極端な先住民の酷使によって行きづまり，エンコミエンダ制の採用となったが，アステカ，インカの征服によって支配領域が拡大すると，彼らの労働徴発制度を継承利用して，レパルティミエントの復活となった。この制度は 1575年頃から形式を整えたが，エンコミエンダに属さない先住民がコングレガシオン (小村落) に集められ，これを単位に一定数の労働力を交代で強制徴発する組織がつくられた。アンデス地方ではミータ，メキシコではクアテキルなどと呼ばれ，労働に対しては期間その他の制限があり，職種に応じて報酬が支払われることになっていたが，実際の運営では履行されず，植民地期間の大部分にわたって先住民からの搾取が続いた。

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