Recife (English spelling)

Japanese: レシフェ（英語表記）Recife

The capital of the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. It is a large port city facing the Atlantic Ocean at the eastern end of South America, and is the political, economic, and cultural center of the northeastern part of the country. The city's name means "reef" in Portuguese, and comes from the reefs that line the coast of the city and protect the port from the open sea. It has a hot and rainy tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 26°C, but the heat is somewhat mitigated by the southeast trade winds. The annual precipitation is 1500-2000mm, falling mainly from March to August. The wealthy Portuguese who settled in this area in the 1530s mainly lived in Olinda, and Recife, located to the south, was only used as a port for shipping and importing sugar, but during the occupation by the Dutch from 1630 to 1654, the city center was developed, and it prospered as a commercial center with sugarcane plantations behind it. After the 18th century, the center of sugarcane cultivation shifted to the south of the country, and the northeastern region declined economically. Since the 1960s, the federal government has implemented a plan to develop the northeastern economy, and the city has developed rapidly as the center of the economy. Commercial activity has increased, and various modern industries such as textile, metal, and food industries have been established in and around the city. The city spreads out at the mouths of the Capibaribe and Beberibe rivers, and is divided by the rivers into a peninsula (port area), an island (commercial and administrative area), and a mainland (residential and commercial area), and each area is connected by several bridges. The city is surrounded by the suburban industrial cities of Paulista, Jaboatão, and São Lourenço da Mata, forming the Recife metropolitan area. As a cultural center, the city has many higher education and research institutions, including the Federal University of Pernambuco (1946), libraries, museums, theaters, and a symphony orchestra. As one of the country's main ports, it is a major shipping hub, and is also a key location for land transport, with rail and road connections from both inside and outside the state converging here, and it is also the starting point of the TransAmazon Highway to Peru. There is an international airport in the southwestern suburbs. Area: 209 ^km2 . Population: 1,291,490 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ブラジル北東部，ペルナンブコ州の州都。南アメリカの東端，大西洋にのぞむ大港湾都市で，同国北東部の政治，経済，文化の中心地となっている。市名はポルトガル語で「礁」の意で，市の沖合いに連なり港を外洋から保護している岩礁に由来。高温多雨の熱帯気候で，年平均気温は 26℃に上るが，南東貿易風により暑さはやや緩和される。年降水量は 1500～2000mmでおもに3～8月に降る。 1530年代にこの地域に入植したポルトガル人の富裕階級はおもにオリンダに住み，その南に位置したレシフェは砂糖の積出しや輸入のための港として利用されたにすぎなかったが，1630～54年オランダ人に占領されていた間に市街地が整備され，サトウキビのプランテーション地帯を背後に控えて商業中心地として繁栄。 18世紀以降サトウキビ栽培の中心が同国南部に移るとともに，北東部一帯は経済的に衰退。 1960年代以降連邦政府により北東部経済開発計画が進められ，市はその中心地として急速に発展，商業活動が活発化するとともに，市内外には繊維，金属，食品など各種の近代的工業が進出している。市街はカピバリベ，ベベリベ両川の河口部に広がり，両川によって半島部 (港湾地区) ，島 (商業・行政地区) ，本土部 (住宅・商業地区) に分けられ，各地区はいくつもの橋で結ばれている。市を取巻いてパウリスタ，ジャボアタン，サンローレンソダマタなどの近郊工業都市が立地し，レシフェ大都市圏を形成する。文化中心地として，市内にはペルナンブコ連邦大学 (1946) をはじめとする多数の高等教育・研究機関，図書館，博物館，劇場などがあり，交響楽団をもつ。同国の主要港の一つとして水運が盛んなほか，陸上交通の要地でもあり，州内外からの鉄道，道路が集り，ペルーへ通じるトランスアマゾン・ハイウェーの起点ともなっている。南西郊には国際空港がある。面積 209km²。人口 129万 149 (1991推計) 。

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