Laser weapon

Japanese: レーザー兵器 - れーざーへいき(英語表記)Laser weapon
Laser weapon

A general term for weapons that use lasers. There are weapons that use laser energy to destroy or disable the enemy, and weapons that use lasers for target detection, ranging, communication, etc. The former is a type of Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) that attracted attention in the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), but due to technical difficulties such as a means to stably oscillate a high-power laser and long-distance targeting, development has now slowed down. However, the US Air Force is developing an Airborne Laser (ABL) that uses a chemical laser on a Boeing 747 passenger aircraft to shoot down ballistic missiles in the ascending phase, and in 2004 successfully conducted an airborne laser irradiation experiment. In addition to this, there is also a blinding laser that aims a visible or near-infrared laser at the human eye and temporarily or permanently robs the human eye of its sight, but its use is internationally prohibited as a cruel weapon.

On the other hand, weapons that use laser energy for purposes other than destruction include laser radar (LIDARS = light-wave radar) used to detect and identify targets, laser rangefinders that measure distance from the round-trip transmission of light, and laser targeting devices that shine light on a target to inform allies of its location. Laser-guided bombs work by shining a laser on the target from the ground or air and hitting it by tracing the reflected light.

[Keiichi Nogi]

[Reference] | Weapons | Lasers
Laser-guided bombs and guidance systems
It is equipped with a laser detector and guidance control device at the front, and directs itself to the target by detecting the reflection of a laser beam emitted from the ground or an aircraft .

Laser-guided bombs and guidance systems


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

レーザーを応用した兵器の総称で、レーザーのエネルギーを相手の破壊や機能喪失に利用する兵器と、レーザーを目標探知や測距、通信などに用いる兵器とがある。前者は指向性エネルギー兵器(DEW=Directed Energy Weapon)の一種で、アメリカの戦略防衛構想(SDI)で注目を浴びたが、大出力のレーザーを安定して発振させる手段や遠距離の照準などの技術的困難があり、現在は開発も下火となっている。しかしアメリカ空軍では、ボーイング747旅客機に化学レーザーを搭載して、上昇段階の弾道ミサイルを撃墜するABL(Airborne Laser)を開発中で、2004年に空中におけるレーザー照射の実験に成功している。これとは別に、可視や近赤外のレーザーで人間の目をねらい、一時的あるいは永久的に視力を奪う目つぶしレーザーもあるが、残虐な兵器として国際的に使用を禁止されている。

 一方レーザーのエネルギーを破壊以外に利用する兵器としては、目標の探知や識別に使うレーザー・レーダー(光波レーダー、lidar=light-wave radar)、光の往復から距離を測定するレーザー測距機(laser rangefinder)、光を目標に照射して味方にその位置を知らせるレーザー目標指示機などがある。レーザー誘導爆弾は、地上あるいは空中からレーザーを目標に照射し、その反射をたどって命中する仕組みである。

[野木恵一]

[参照項目] | 兵器 | レーザー
レーザー誘導爆弾と誘導システム
前部にレーザー探知器と誘導制御装置を装備し、地上または航空機から目標に向かって発射されたレーザー光線の反射を探知して目標に向かう©Shogakukan">

レーザー誘導爆弾と誘導システム


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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