Coolant - Reikyakuzai (English spelling)

Japanese: 冷却材 - れいきゃくざい(英語表記)coolant
Coolant - Reikyakuzai (English spelling)
A liquid or gas used to cool heat-generating machinery and equipment to prevent overheating, and to transport the heat to other locations or equipment for use or disposal. Suitable coolants are those with excellent heat transfer and flow properties, chemical stability, and that do not decompose when heated or corrode other materials. Depending on the application, water, oil, liquid metal, air, carbon dioxide, freon, helium, etc. are used. In particular, it can refer to a substance that cools the core of a nuclear reactor. The purpose of cooling the core of a nuclear reactor is to prevent the energy released by the nuclear fission chain reaction from becoming extremely hot and damaging the reactor, and to remove the heat from the core to the outside, but this also serves as a means of using atomic energy as a power source. The coolant circulates between the core and the heat exchanger or turbine, so the material must absorb little neutrons, be stable under radiation, and have good heat exchange efficiency. Examples of coolants that are used include water (light water), heavy water, air (carbon dioxide), helium, and liquid metal.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
熱を発生する機械装置を冷却して加熱を防ぐとともに,熱を他の場所や装置に輸送して利用したり捨てたりするために用いる液体あるいは気体。冷却材には熱伝達特性と流動特性に優れ,化学的に安定で加熱によって分解したり他の材料を腐蝕したりしない物質が適しており,用途により水,油,液体金属,空気,炭酸ガス,フロン,ヘリウムなどが使われる。特に原子炉の炉心を冷やす物質をさすこともある。原子炉の炉心冷却の目的は核分裂連鎖反応によって放出されたエネルギーが熱となるため,炉心の温度が極度に高くなって原子炉が破損するのを防ぎ炉心の熱を外部へ取り出すためであるが,これが同時に原子エネルギーを動力源として利用する手段にもなる。冷却材は炉心と熱交換器またはタービンの間で循環しており,したがって材料としては中性子吸収が少なく,放射線下で安定で,熱交換の効率のよい物質が必要である。水 (軽水 ) ,重水,空気 (炭酸ガス) ,ヘリウム,液体金属などが使われている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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