A way of laying railway tracks that goes around a mountain like a circular loop. When climbing a mountain, going around in circles increases the distance but the gradient is gentler. This was an especially necessary consideration for steam locomotives, which lose power on steep sections. In Japan, the oldest is located between Okoba and Yatake on the Kyushu Hisatsu Line, which opened in 1909 (Meiji 42), and the gradient of most of the loop section is 25‰ (per mille), with some parts being 30‰. The Shimizu Tunnel on the Joetsu Line, which was completed in 1931 (Showa 6), has loops at both exits. The southern exit is called the Yubiso Loop, and the northern exit is called the Matsukawa Loop. The gradient is relatively gentle at 20‰, and it was electrified from the time of opening, making high-speed operation possible. In the Alpine country of Switzerland, there is a two-winding loop line near the south entrance of the Saint-Gothard Tunnel of the national railway, Giornico, and a three-winding loop line near Preda on the private railway, the Rhaetian Railway, with a gradient of 35‰. However, with the advancement of civil engineering technology, the number of long tunnels is increasing, so the number of loop lines is not expected to increase in the future. [Mitsuo Yoshimura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
環loopのように山を回りながら登る鉄道線路の敷き方。山に登る場合に、ぐるぐる回りながら登れば、距離は伸びても勾配(こうばい)が緩くなる。勾配区間で力の落ちる蒸気機関車には、ことに必要な配慮だった。日本では1909年(明治42)に開通した九州肥薩(ひさつ)線の大畑(おこば)―矢岳間にあるのが古く、勾配はループ部分のほとんどが25‰(パーミル)で、一部は30‰である。1931年(昭和6)に全通した上越線清水トンネルは両出口にループ線をもっている。南口を湯檜曽(ゆびそ)ループ、北口を松川ループと称し、勾配は20‰と比較的緩く、開通時から電化されていたので高速運転が実現できた。アルプスの国スイスでは、国鉄サン・ゴタール・トンネルの南口ジョルニコ付近に二巻きのループ線が、私鉄レーティッシェ鉄道のプレダ付近には三巻きのループ線があり、勾配も35‰もある。なお、土木技術の進歩で長大トンネルが増えているため、ループ線は今後ふえることはない。 [吉村光夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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