There are many airplanes named after the word "comet," but the most famous is the world's first passenger jet aircraft, manufactured by the British company de Havilland (which later became British Aerospace BAe after passing through Hawker Siddeley). The Comet was already planned during World War II, and its first flight took place on July 27, 1949, and it entered service on the South African route in May 1952. It was well-received for its groundbreaking high speed and comfort, and demonstrated the level of the British aviation industry, but due to the underdeveloped design technology, structural defects were revealed and serious accidents occurred one after another, leading to the revocation of its airworthiness certificate. After an investigation into the cause of the accidents in 1957, the defects were corrected and the aircraft was reintroduced, becoming the world's first passenger jet aircraft to enter service on the North Atlantic route. However, it lost its market to the advance of large American passenger jet aircraft, and production was discontinued after 105 units were produced. The medium-range 4B had a wingspan of 34.2 metres, overall length of 36.0 metres, wing area of 191.3 square metres, maximum weight of 69.2 tonnes, maximum passenger capacity of 101, and a maximum speed of 890 kilometres per hour. Other aircraft named Comet include the Messerschmitt Me163 rocket interceptor fighter of World War II, de Havilland's first Comet DH88, which won the London-Melbourne flying competition in 1934 and was awarded the Mack Robertson Trophy, and the Dornier Do-C transport plane built in Germany in 1938. [Kazuo Ochiai] [References] |The world's first jet airliner, manufactured by the British company de Havilland. Wingspan 34.97m, overall length 33.99m, weight 75.383t, cruising speed 809km/h, range 6968km, passenger capacity 60-81 (the above figures are for the 4th generation), first flight 1949 (illustration shows the 4th generation) ©Shogakukan Library "> de Havilland DH106 Comet Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ことばの意味(彗星(すいせい))から、この名称をつけた飛行機は少なくないが、そのなかでイギリスのデ・ハビランド社(ホーカー・シドレー社を経てブリティッシュ・エアロスペースBAe社となる)が生産した世界最初のジェット旅客機がもっとも有名である。このコメットは第二次世界大戦中にすでに計画され、1949年7月27日初飛行、52年5月南アフリカ線に就航。その画期的な高速度と快適性とで好評を博し、イギリス航空工業の水準を誇示したが、設計技術の未発達から、構造上の欠陥を露呈し、大きな事故が相次いだため、耐空証明が取り消された。57年に事故原因の究明の結果、欠陥を是正して再登場し、ジェット旅客機として世界で最初に北大西洋線に就航した。しかし、アメリカの大型ジェット旅客機の進出によって市場を奪われ、105機をもって生産が打ち切られた。中距離用の4Bでは、全幅34.2メートル、全長36.0メートル、翼面積191.3平方メートル、最大重量69.2トン、最大乗客数101人、最大時速890キロメートルといったデータであった。 なお、本機以外にコメットと名づけられた飛行機としては、第二次世界大戦中のメッサーシュミットMe163迎撃用ロケット戦闘機、1934年ロンドン―メルボルン間連絡飛行競技に優勝し、マック・ロバートソン杯を獲得したデ・ハビランド社の初代のコメットDH88、38年ドイツでつくられたドルニエDo‐C輸送機などが知られている。 [落合一夫] [参照項目] |イギリスのデ・ハビランド社が生産した世界初のジェット旅客機。翼幅34.97m、全長33.99m、重量75.383t、巡航速度809km/h、航続距離6968km、乗客60~81人(以上の数値は4型)、初飛行1949年(図は4型)©小学館ライブラリー"> デ・ハビランドDH106 コメット 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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