A city in the Marne department in northeastern France. It is located about 130 km northeast of Paris, at the northwestern edge of the Champagne plain. It is a hub of railways and roads, and a center of commerce and industry. The Marne Valley (→Marne River) in the south is covered with vineyards, and is the home of champagne along with Epernay. It has flourished as the center of northern Gaul since the Gallo-Roman period, and an archbishopric was established in the 3rd century. In 496, Clovis I, the first king of the Frankish Kingdom, was baptized by Archbishop Remigius of Reims at Reims Cathedral and converted to Catholicism. Most of the French kings from Philip II to Charles X were crowned at this cathedral. The most famous of these was Charles VII, who was crowned at the request of Joan of Arc in 1429. In the 12th century, a large periodical market (→Grand Market) was opened, and the wool industry (→Wool) flourished throughout the Middle Ages. Today, the city is home to various industries including engineering, chemicals, and packaging. In May 1945, at the end of World War II, Germany signed the document of surrender here. Reims Cathedral (13th-14th century) is a representative example of Gothic architecture (→Gothic art), and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1991 along with Saint-Remi Basilica (11th-12th century) and Palais de Tau. In 2015, the city was registered as a World Heritage Site as a champagne producing region (→Champagne). Population: 181,468 (2008). Reims |
フランス北東部,マルヌ県の都市。パリの東北東約 130km,シャンパーニュ平原の北西端に位置する。鉄道,道路の結節点で,商工業の中心地。南部のマルヌ河谷(→マルヌ川)一帯はぶどう畑に覆われ,エペルネとともにシャンパンの本場。ガロ・ローマ時代から北ガリアの中心地として栄え,3世紀から大司教座が置かれた。496年フランク王国の初代王クロービス1世はランス大聖堂でランスの大司教レミギウスにより洗礼を受け,カトリックに改宗した。フィリップ2世からシャルル10世までのフランス国王はほとんどこのランス大聖堂で戴冠式を行なった。なかでも 1429年シャルル7世がジャンヌ・ダルクの願いによって戴冠式をあげたのは有名。12世紀には大規模な定期市(→大市)が開設され,中世を通じ羊毛工業(→ウール)が栄えた。今日ではエンジニアリング,化学,包装などの諸工業が立地する。第2次世界大戦末の 1945年5月,ドイツはここで降伏文書に調印した。ランス大聖堂(13~14世紀)はゴシック様式(→ゴシック美術)の代表建築で,サン・レミ聖堂(11~12世紀),トウ宮殿とともに 1991年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。2015年にはシャンパンの生産地として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された(→シャンパーニュ)。人口 18万1468(2008)。
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