In ancient times, this referred to government positions and government offices not specified in the Ritsuryo. Originally, they were temporarily established whenever necessary to fill in the gaps in Ritsuryo-based government positions, and many were abolished after fulfilling their intended purpose, but some became permanent positions. Strictly speaking, Ritsuryo-gaikan are divided into "kan" with a set equivalent to an official rank and "shiki" with no equivalent rank, but generally the former "jimoku no kan" and the latter "senji no shiki" or "senge no shiki" are collectively referred to as Ritsuryo-gaikan. Well-known positions include the Minister of the Interior, the Middle Counselor, the Councilor, the Kagyushi, the Azechi, the Shogun, the Tsukasa of Temple Construction, the Repair Office, the Kebiishi, the Kurodo, the Sessho, and the Kanpaku. During the Heian period, the Kebiishi Office and the Kurodo Office were particularly active. [Naohiko Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代、令の規定にない官職、官司(かんし)をいう。元来、令制官職の不備を補うため、必要に応じてそのつど臨時に置かれたもので、したがって所期の目的を果たしたのち廃止されたものも少なくないが、なかには常置の官のようになったものもある。厳密にいえば、令外官には、官位相当を定めた「官」と、相当位階のない「職(しき)」とがあるが、一般には前者の「除目官(じもくのかん)」と、後者の「宣旨職(せんじのしき)」または「宣下職(せんげのしき)」とをあわせて令外官とよんでいる。よく知られたものに、内大臣、中納言(ちゅうなごん)、参議、勘解由使(かげゆし)、按察使(あぜち)、征夷(せいい)大将軍、造寺司、修理職(しゅりしき)、検非違使(けびいし)、蔵人(くろうど)、摂政(せっしょう)、関白などがある。平安時代には検非違使庁と蔵人所(どころ)の活躍が顕著である。 [渡辺直彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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