Ryuei

A professional poet of the Northern Song Dynasty in China. His pen name was Qiqing. He was born in Chong'an (Fujian Province). In the early Northern Song Dynasty, he specialized in the popular folk songs (kota) (kota), which had previously been written by literati as a side job, and was credited with perfecting them to a high level of literary perfection. He was a Jinshi in 1034 (Jingyou 1). Although he belonged to the scholar-officials class, he deviated from it and preferred to live in the red-light districts of the willows, indulging in composing poetry. This earned him an extremely bad reputation in the traditional scholar-officials world, so much so that he eventually changed his original name, Liu Sanbian, to Liu Yong. On the other hand, he was highly praised by the people, and it is said that his poetry was popular throughout the country. His poems are even recorded in the Korean "History of Goryeo." "Slightly drunk and humming" is how Yu Young himself defined his life, and in fact, it ended exactly that way. His year and place of death are unknown. Although he spent his whole life as a small-time bureaucrat traveling around the countryside, he wrote many excellent long poems known as "manshi," which skillfully blend the sadness and scenery of travel, and poems that sing of the joys and hustle of the capital. The inclusion of the author's personal feelings is what makes Yu Young's poems literary, going beyond the realm of mere popular songs. He wrote "Collection of Movements," in three volumes.

[Kazuo Noguchi]

"Yujiro Nakata, 'Chinese Poetry Series 24: Selections from Historical Nouns' (1965, Shueisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北宋(ほくそう)の専業詞人。字(あざな)は耆卿(きけい)。崇安(すうあん)（福建省）の出身。北宋の初期、それまで文人が余技として片手間につくっていた民間の流行(はや)り小唄(こうた)（詞(ツウ)）を、専門的に手がけ、文学的完成度の高いものに仕上げた功労者である。1034年（景祐1）の進士。身は士大夫の階層に属しながらそこからはみ出し、好んで花柳(かりゅう)の巷(ちまた)に身を置いて詞作にふけったため、伝統的な士大夫の世界からはきわめて評判が悪く、原名の柳三変(りゅうさんぺん)をとうとう柳永と改めたほどである。反面、民衆の評判はきわめて高く、彼の詞は津々浦々でもてはやされたと伝える。朝鮮の『高麗史(こうらいし)』にまで彼の詞が記録されている。「浅酌低吟(せんしゃくていぎん)（鼻歌まじりのほろ酔い気分）」というのが、柳永自らが自分の一生を定義したことばであり、事実そのとおりに終わった。没年も没地も明らかでない。一生田舎(いなか)回りの小役人暮らしであったが、旅の憂さと情景とを巧みに融和させた、慢詞(まんし)とよばれる長編の詞や、都の歓楽とさんざめきを詠(うた)った詞に優れた作品が多い。作者個人の真情を盛り込んだところに、単なる流行歌曲の域を越えて柳永の詞を文学たらしめる理由がある。『楽章集(がくしょうしゅう)』三巻がある。

［野口一雄］

『中田勇次郎著『漢詩大系24　歴代名詞選』（1965・集英社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例