The Orinoco plain refers to the shrub-mixed grassland and its distribution area in the Orinoco River basin in northern South America. It is also called Llanos. It covers about 380,000 square kilometers of the Orinoco plain, which stretches from Venezuela to eastern Colombia, excluding the forest-covered upper reaches (south of 4-5 degrees south latitude) and the delta area at the river mouth. It has a savanna climate with high temperatures all year round and a clear rainy season (May to October) and dry season. It is a subsidence zone formed between the Andes mountain range, which continues from the Venezuelan coastal mountain range, the Mérida mountain range, and the Cordillera Oriental mountain range in Colombia, and the Guiana Highlands. Underground, there is a thick accumulation of oil-containing Mesozoic to Cenozoic Tertiary strata, forming the Orinoco oil fields. The Llanos are divided into lower Llanos and higher Llanos, based on the 100-meter contour line above sea level. The Lower Llano is a lowland that is flooded during the rainy season, widespread in the west and limited to a narrow strip along the Orinoco River in the east. The High Llano consists of the fertile alluvial fan area at the foot of Mount Merida, the hilly area south of the Coastal Mountains, and the low plateau area to the east around El Tigre, the center of the oil fields. The Llano in general is an extensive pastoral region, primarily for raising beef cattle, but in the High Llano at the foot of Mount Merida and south of the Coastal Mountains, modern agriculture is practiced, cultivating rice, cotton, sesame, tobacco, corn, and other crops through irrigation. [Matsumoto Eiji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ北部、オリノコ川流域の灌木(かんぼく)混じりの草原およびその分布地域をさす。リャノスともいう。ベネズエラからコロンビア東部に広がるオリノコ平野のうち、森林に覆われた上流域(南緯4~5度以南)と河口のデルタ地域を除く約38万平方キロメートルがこれにあたる。年中高温で雨期(5~10月)と乾期の明確なサバンナ気候下にある。ベネズエラの海岸山脈、メリダ山脈、コロンビアのコルディエラ・オリエンタル山脈と続くアンデス山系とギアナ高地との間に生じた沈降帯で、地下には石油を含んだ中生代から新生代第三紀の地層が厚く堆積(たいせき)しており、オリノコ油田を形成している。リャノは標高100メートルの等高線を目安に低位リャノと高位リャノに分けられる。低位リャノは雨期に冠水する低地で、西部で広く、東部ではオリノコ川沿いの狭い地帯に限られる。高位リャノは、メリダ山麓(さんろく)の肥沃(ひよく)な扇状地性の地帯、海岸山脈南方の丘陵地帯、その東方、油田の中心地エル・ティグレ周辺の低い台地の地帯などからなる。リャノ全般は、肉牛の飼育を主とする粗放的牧畜地域であるが、メリダ山麓や海岸山脈南方の高位リャノでは、灌漑(かんがい)により米、ワタ、ゴマ、タバコ、トウモロコシなどを栽培する近代農業が営まれている。 [松本栄次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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