A strong water current where seawater washed up on the shore flows back like a river. Depending on the region, it is also called dashi or oki-dashi. Strong winds blowing from offshore toward the shore create waves, and the seawater that is pushed to the shore is subjected to a strong force that tries to flow back out to sea. This creates a water current that suddenly leaves the shore and flows out to sea. The size of this current varies depending on the structure and topography of the coast, and is about 10 to 30 meters wide, with a length from the shore to the sea ranging from tens to hundreds of meters. The current speed can reach 2 meters per second (about 7.2 kilometers per hour). Rip currents are likely to occur on beaches that have the following characteristics: (1) there are man-made structures nearby, (2) waves come in at an angle close to a right angle, (3) they face the open ocean, and (4) they are shallow and have a long coastline. In particular, beaches like (4) are often used as swimming beaches, so there is a risk of serious accidents for beachgoers. In addition, surfers may use rip currents to head offshore, so rip currents may occur on beaches with many surfers. According to documents from the Japan Coast Guard, of the 284 people who were involved in swimming accidents nationwide in 2013, 51 were caught in a rip current. If caught in a rip current, it is possible to escape by swimming parallel to the shore, as the rip current is relatively narrow, but swimming against the current toward the shore is dangerous as it will drain your strength. In contrast to rip currents, currents that move from offshore toward the shoreline are called acrossshore currents, while currents that flow parallel to the shoreline are called longshore currents or coastal currents. [Editorial Department] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
海岸に打ち寄せられた海水が、川の流れのようになって戻っていく強い水流。地方によって、だしや沖だしともいう。沖から海岸に向かって吹く強い風により波が打ち寄せ、岸側に押し集められた海水には、沖へ流れ戻ろうとする強い力が加わる。これが急激に岸を離れて沖へ向かう水流を生み出す。海岸の構造や地形などの影響により規模が変わり、幅は10~30メートルほどで、岸から沖に向かう長さは数十~数百メートルに及ぶ。流速は毎秒2メートル(時速約7.2キロメートル)に達することがある。 離岸流が発生しやすいのは、(1)近くに人工の構造物がある、(2)波が直角に近い角度で入ってくる、(3)外洋に面している、(4)遠浅で海岸線が長い、などの特徴を備えた海岸である。とくに(4)のような砂浜は海水浴場になっていることが多いため、海水浴客が重大な事故にあう危険性もある。また、サーファーは離岸流を利用して沖に向かうことがあるため、サーファーの多い海岸には離岸流が発生している可能性がある。海上保安庁の資料では、2013年(平成25)に全国で遊泳中の事故にあった284人のうち、51人が離岸流に巻き込まれたものとされている。巻き込まれた場合、離岸流は比較的幅が狭いため、岸と平行の方向に泳ぐことで抜け出せる可能性があり、流れと逆方向の岸に向かって泳ぐのは体力が奪われるため危険である。 なお、離岸流とは逆に沖から海岸へ寄せてくる流れは向岸流といい、海岸に平行に沿うような流れは並岸流や沿岸流という。 [編集部] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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