A medium-sized tree of the Sapindaceae family (APG classification: Sapindaceae). Native to the Malay Archipelago, the English name rambutan is derived from the Malay language, which means hairy fruit. The leaves are alternate, even-pinnate, compound, 15-40 cm long. The leaflets are leathery, entire, oblong or ovate, 7-20 cm long, hairless, dark green on top, and light green on the underside. They produce 15-20 cm long, highly branched panicles at the ends of the branches. They are dioecious or monoecious, but some have hermaphrodite flowers. They produce many small flowers, each about 2.5 mm in diameter, with 4-6 outer perianths that are greenish-yellow, and no inner perianth. They have 5-8 stamens. Female flowers have several degenerate stamens. The ovary is divided into 2-3, each containing one ovule. The fruit is about 4.5cm long and 4cm wide, and contains one seed. The skin is bright red or yellow with tortoiseshell-shaped cracks on the surface, and the protruding parts are bright red, slender, soft thorn-like, about 1.5cm long. The flesh is translucent, milky white, juicy, and delicious with a good balance of sweet and sour. The flesh corresponds to the aril, and is difficult to separate from the seed. It blooms from April to June and ripens from late July. [Muneo Iizuka September 17, 2020] ©Shogakukan "> Rambutan Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ムクロジ科(APG分類:ムクロジ科)の中高木。マレー諸島原産、英名のランブータンはマレー語に由来し、マレー語名のランブタンは毛がある果物の意味である。葉は互生し、偶数羽状複葉で長さ15~40センチメートル。小葉は革質で全縁、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形または卵形で、長さ7~20センチメートル、毛がなく表面は濃緑色、裏面は淡緑色である。枝端に長さ15~20センチメートルで分枝の多い円錐(えんすい)花序を出す。雌雄異株または異性花同株であるが、雌雄両性花もある。多数の小花をつけ、各花は径約2.5ミリメートル、外花被(がいかひ)は4~6枚で緑黄色を帯び、内花被はない。雄しべは5~8本。雌花には退化した数個の雄しべがある。子房は2~3個に分かれ、各1個の胚珠(はいしゅ)がある。果実は縦径約4.5センチメートル、横径約4センチメートルで、種子が1個ある。果皮は鮮紅色または黄色を帯び、表面に亀甲(きっこう)状の裂紋があり、突起部分は鮮紅色で細長く、約1.5センチメートルの軟刺状である。果肉は半透明で乳白色、多汁で、甘・酸味が適度に調和し、おいしい。果肉部は仮種皮(かしゅひ)に相当し、種子と離れにくい。4~6月、開花し、7月下旬から熟す。 [飯塚宗夫 2020年9月17日] ©Shogakukan"> ランブータン 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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