Ranjo - Ranjo

Japanese: 乱声 - らんじょう

The name of a gagaku piece. A type of prelude or postlude played mainly on the Ryuteki or Komabue with percussion instruments (drums, gongs). It is the opposite of "choshi" which is played with the Hichiriki or Sho. It is used in certain Bugaku pieces (such as "Karinbin", "Hudinshu", "Somozhe", and "Bato" in the left-wing music, and "Kitoku", "Kocho", "Hassen", "Rinka", and "Shin Mohe" in the right-wing music). There are Kogaku Ransei (also called Linyu Ransei), Shinraku Ransei, and Koma Ransei, but the Ryuteki pieces played in the "Ranjo" of certain left-wing pieces (such as "Ryoou", "Kanchengaku", "Ama", and "Ninomai") are also called "Ransei" (Ryoou Ransei, Ama Ransei, etc.). It is based on a non-metrical rhythm, and is played by several flute players in a canon-like ensemble, which creates accidental complex rhythms and sounds. It is truly music worthy of the name "ransei." In addition, there is koransei, which is played solo on the flute before shinraku ransei and others, and koma koransei, which is played solo before koma koransei. In "enbu," koransei and shinraku ransei are used in the first section, koma koransei and koma koransei are used in the second section, and shinraku ransei and koma koransei are used simultaneously in the third section.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

雅楽の曲名。竜笛 (りゅうてき) あるいは高麗笛 (こまぶえ) を主体として，それに打楽器 (太鼓，鉦鼓) が加わって奏する前奏曲および後奏曲の類。これに篳篥 (ひちりき) や笙が加わって奏する「調子」に対する。舞楽の特定の曲 (左方楽では『迦陵頻』『胡飲酒』『蘇莫者』『抜頭』など。右方楽では『貴徳』『胡蝶』『八仙』『林歌』『新靺鞨』など) に使用される。古楽乱声 (林邑乱声ともいう) ，新楽乱声，高麗乱声があるが，左方の特定曲 (『陵王』『還城楽』『安摩』『二の舞』など) の「乱序」に奏される竜笛の曲も「乱声」 (陵王乱声，安摩乱声など) という。非拍節的リズムに基づいており，しかも数人の笛奏者によって「退吹 (おめりぶき) 」すなわちカノン風に重奏されるので，偶発的に複雑なリズムや音響が生れる。まさに「乱声」の名称にふさわしい音楽である。なおこのほか新楽乱声などの前に笛によって独奏される小乱声と，高麗乱声の前に独奏される高麗小乱声がある。なお，「振鉾 (えんぶ) 」では，その第1節には小乱声と新楽乱声，第2節には高麗小乱声と高麗乱声，第3節には同時に新楽乱声，高麗乱声がそれぞれ用いられる。

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