Patrizier

Japanese: Patrizier
Patrizier

…The oligarchic rule of the city nobility was partially restricted in southern Germany by the 14th century struggle for political participation of craftsmen, known as the Zunft, and was also greatly limited with the development of early modern feudal states. The terms Patriziato and Patrizier were used more recently, and in the Middle Ages they were simply called Geschlechter (family clans) or Erbbürger (pioneer citizens). From the beginning of the early modern period onwards, when the city nobility felt a sense of crisis that they were losing their real influence, the term Patriziat, which recalled the ancient Roman patricius (patrician), began to be used in historical accounts dating back to the Middle Ages. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Patrizier" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…都市貴族の寡頭政支配は,南ドイツなどでは,14世紀の手工業職人の政治参加を求めるいわゆるツンフト闘争によって一部制限され,また近世領邦諸国家の発達にともなって大幅に限定されていった。なおパトリツィアートとかパトリツィアーPatrizierという呼称は,むしろ近世になってからの呼称であり,中世では単にゲシュレヒターGeschlechter(門閥)ないしエルプビュルガーErbbürger(草分け市民)と呼ばれていた。近世の初頭以降,都市貴族が現実の影響力を失いかけた危機感のなかで,古代ローマのパトリキウスpatricius(貴族)を想起しつつ使いはじめた呼称Patriziatが,その後の歴史叙述のなかで中世にさかのぼって用いられるようになったものである。…

※「Patrizier」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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