Lavender - lavender (English spelling)

Japanese: ラベンダー - らべんだー(英語表記)lavender
Lavender - lavender (English spelling)

A small shrub of the Lamiaceae family (APG classification: Lamiaceae). Native to the Mediterranean coastal region, it is cultivated as a spice crop, with southern France being the main production area. It is about 60 cm tall, and the stems are covered with dense white soft hairs, making them appear grayish-white. The leaves are thin and about 5 cm long, and are whorled on young stems, and become opposite as they grow. In early summer, many 30 cm long flower stalks grow upright, and about 10 beautiful purple lip-shaped flowers grow in whorls. The flowers are about 1 cm in diameter. The entire plant is fragrant, and the plant is cut when the flowers open, and a fragrance oil is extracted by distillation. This is called lavender oil, and the main component is linalyl acetate. The oil extracted from the flowers alone is of the highest quality. In Roman times, it was used as a bath perfume, so the name lavender comes from the Latin lavare, which means "to wash." It is still widely cultivated today, and is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and perfumes. It is used medicinally for neuralgia, and is also used as a fragrance for ointments and liniments. It was introduced to Japan during the Bunka era (1804-1818) in the Edo period, and is now mainly cultivated in Hokkaido. It grows well in sunny, humid soil.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika September 17, 2021]

Cultural history

It was cultivated in ancient Greece and used in garlands and crowns. Theophrastus states that it is grown from seeds (Plantaria). Dioscorides mentions French lavender L. stoechos L. growing in the Stoecades Islands and mentions that it was mixed into painkillers and antidotes ( De materia medica ). It contains camphene and was used in Europe as a folk remedy for convulsions and asthma. It was also used in perfumes and the flowers were used to color porcelain. The flowers are a typical ingredient in potpourri.

[Hiroshi Yuasa September 17, 2021]

[References] | Lavender oil

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シソ科(APG分類:シソ科)の小低木。地中海沿岸地域の原産で、香料作物として栽培され、南フランスが主産地として名高い。高さ約60センチメートル、茎に白い軟毛が密生するため灰白色にみえる。葉は細く長さ約5センチメートル、幼茎では輪生、成長につれて対生となる。初夏に長さ30センチメートルの花茎を多数直立し、美しい紫色の唇形花を10個ほど輪生する。花は径約1センチメートル。植物体全体に芳香があり、花が開くころに刈り取り、蒸留法によって香油をとる。これをラベンダー油とよび、主成分は酢酸リナリルである。花だけからとるものがもっとも品質が優れる。ローマ時代には入浴用の香水として用いられたので、ラテン語の「洗う」という意味のlavareがラベンダーの名のもとになった。現在も多く栽培され、化粧品の香料、香水に用いられる。薬用には神経痛などに用いられ、また軟膏(なんこう)や塗布剤の香料にも使われる。日本へは江戸時代、文化(ぶんか)年間(1804~1818)に渡来し、現在は北海道でおもに栽培されている。日当りのよい湿気のある土地でよく育つ。

[星川清親 2021年9月17日]

文化史

古代のギリシアで栽培され、花冠や花輪に使われていた。テオフラストスは、種子から育てると述べている(『植物誌』)。ディオスコリデスはフレンチ・ラベンダーL. stoechos L.の産地としてストエカデス諸島をあげ、痛み止めや解毒剤に混ぜると記述している(『薬物誌』De materia medica)。カンフェンを含み、ヨーロッパではけいれんや喘息(ぜんそく)の民間薬にされた。香水や花を磁器の色づけにも使った。花はポプリの代表的な材料である。

[湯浅浩史 2021年9月17日]

[参照項目] | ラベンダー油

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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