A type of Western clown. Its prototype is the slow and cheeky freeloading clown Pedrolino from the Italian Commedia dell'Arte improvisational comedy of the Renaissance. In the late 17th century, it was Frenchized by an Italian theater company in Paris, and it was active in vaudeville and ballet, wearing a loose white costume, painting its face white, and taking the nickname Pierre. In the 19th century, the famous pantomime actor Deburau further refined the role, creating a clown who is a foolish but sensitive romantic who is troubled by love and full of melancholy. In the circus, elements of the more active characters Pulcinella and Arlecchino were added, and it was mixed with the English clown, resulting in a clown with a pleated collar and red makeup around the eyes and mouth. All of these have become the subject of many writers and painters, and have become established as archetypes, and the tradition has been passed down to the present day by Jean-Louis Barrault and Marcel Marceau. [Ando Shinya] "The Birth of the Clown" by Minoru Tanokura (1986, Asahi Shimbun) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西洋の道化役の一種。原型はルネサンス期のイタリアの即興喜劇コメディア・デラルテの、のろまでずうずうしい居候の道化役ペドロリーノ。17世紀後半にパリのイタリア人劇団によってフランス化され、白いだぶだぶの衣装を着て顔を白塗りにし、男子名ピエールの愛称を名のってボードビルやバレエで活躍した。19世紀にはパントマイムの名優ドビュローがこの役柄をさらに洗練して、まぬけだが繊細なロマンチストで恋に悩み哀愁に満ちたピエロ像を完成する。またサーカスでは、より活動的な役柄であるプルチネッラやアルレッキーノの要素が加えられ、イギリスのクラウンとも混ざり合って、ひだ付きの襟飾りと目や口の周りの赤い化粧が強調された道化となる。そのいずれもが多くの作家や画家の題材にもなり、典型として定着し、その伝統はジャン・ルイ・バローやマルセル・マルソーによって現代に伝えられている。 [安堂信也] 『田之倉稔著『ピエロの誕生』(1986・朝日新聞社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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