A type of ball game. Officially, it is called rugby football. Rugby is also known as rugby. It is said that the game was created in 1823 when William Webb Ellis (1807-1872) ran with the ball during a football game (the origin of modern soccer) at the Rugby School, a public school in England, but there are other theories. Two teams of 15 players compete to seize a unique oval-shaped ball and score tries or goals. Players run with the ball and advance by passing it to the player behind them, kicking, dribbling, etc. The defending team can take the ball from the opponent's kick or dribble, intercept the opponent's pass, and directly counterattack, or tackle the opponent with the ball to defend. There are rucks and mauls, where players gather in a tight formation to compete for the ball, and scrums, where forwards from both teams form at the command of the referee. The ball cannot be handled during rucks and scrums. If the ball is legally placed in the opponent's in-goal, five points (a try) are scored. If the ball is placed on a line parallel to the touchline from the point where the try was made and kicked, two points (a goal) are added if the ball goes over the crossbar, for a total of seven points. If the ball goes over the crossbar with a penalty kick due to an opponent's foul, three points (a penalty goal) are scored. If the ball bounces on the ground during the game and is kicked, three points are scored (a drop goal). The game lasts for 40 minutes each half, with a 10-minute halftime. There are also seven-a-side versions of rugby and league rugby, which is played by 13 players in professional rugby. Rugby has previously adhered to strict amateur regulations (see amateurism), but in 1995, amateur and professional rugby were opened up. Rugby was included in the Olympic Games at the 1900 Paris Olympics, the 1908 London Olympics, the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, and the 1924 Paris Olympics, but it was not adopted for a long time after that. Seven-a-side rugby will be included from the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. It will also be an official event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. → Related articles All Blacks | Football Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
球技の一種。正式にはラグビー・フットボールrugby football。ラガーruggerもラグビーの別称。1823年英国のパブリック・スクールであるラグビー校でのフットボール(現在のサッカーの原形)の試合中エリス少年William Webb Ellis〔1807-1872〕がボールをかかえて走ったのが契機となって生まれたといわれているが,異説もある。各15名からなる2チームで対戦し,独特の楕円(だえん)状のボールを奪い合い,トライまたはゴールによる得点を競う。ボールを持って走り,自分よりうしろの者にパスしたり,キック,ドリブルなどにより前進。守備側は相手のキック,ドリブルのボールを取ったり,相手のパスをインターセプトして直接反撃するほか,ボールを持った相手にタックルして防御する。密集してボールを奪い合うラック,モールのほか,レフェリーに命ぜられて両チームのフォワードが組むスクラムがある。ラック,スクラムの際にはボールを手で扱うことはできない。相手側のインゴールに適法にボールをつけると5点(トライ),トライした地点からタッチ・ラインに平行な線上にボールを置いてキックし,ボールがクロスバーを越えれば2点(ゴール)追加し計7点。相手の反則によるペナルティキックでボールがクロスバーを越えれば3点(ペナルティゴール),競技中にボールを地面にバウンドさせてからキックしクロスバーを越えれば3点(ドロップゴール)。競技時間は前後半各40分,ハーフタイム10分。なお,7人制のセブン・ア・サイドやプロの13人制で行うリーグラグビーなどもある。ラグビーはこれまで厳格なアマチュア規定を守ってきたが(アマチュアリズム参照),1995年からアマ・プロのオープン化がなされることになった。オリンピック種目としては1900年のパリオリンピック,1908年のロンドンオリンピック,1920年のアントワープオリンピック,1924年のパリオリンピックで実施されたが,その後長く採用されなかった。2016年のリオデジャネイロオリンピックから7人制ラグビーが実施されることになった。2020年の東京オリンピックでも正式種目となっている。 →関連項目オール・ブラックス|フットボール 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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